How do you make nonyl phenol?
How do you make nonyl phenol?
Production. Nonylphenol can be produced industrially, naturally, and by the environmental degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates. Industrially, nonylphenols are produced by the acid-catalyzed alkylation of phenol with a mixture of nonenes. This synthesis leads to a very complex mixture with diverse nonylphenols.
What are NPE chemicals?
What are NP/NPEs? NP/NPEs, also known as nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates, are nonionic surfactants, or detergent-like substances, with uses that lead to widespread release into aquatic environments. NP/NPEs are highly toxic to aquatic life.
Why are nonylphenol ethoxylates bad?
Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) are chemicals that help liquid substances such as oil and water mix. These chemicals can mimic the hormone estrogen to cause early menstruation, low sperm counts, and poor reproductive health. …
What is APE surfactant?
Alkylphenols and their ethoxylates (APEs) are a family of chemicals used mainly as surfactants in commercial detergents and cleaners. They are also used in paints, pesticides and other agrochemicals, personal-care products, in industrial processes, and oilfields.
What products contain nonylphenol?
Commonly used in:
- Household paints, colorants and wood finishes.
- Clothing and textiles.
- Paint and stain removers.
- Surface and drain cleaners.
- Indoor pesticides.
- Food packaging (contains related chemicals)
- Footwear, toys and games (contains 4-nonylphenol)
Is nonylphenol ethoxylate harmful to humans?
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEs) are surfactants used in some commercial and institutional detergents that enhance their effectiveness, but also cause problems. They can cause skin and eye irritation in people who work with them.
Is nonylphenol toxic?
Nonylphenol is a toxic xenobiotic compound classified as an endocrine disrupter capable of interfering with the hormonal system of numerous organisms. Nonylphenol ethoxylates reach sewage treatment works in substantial quantities where they biodegrade into several by-products including nonylphenol.
What is alkyl phenol ethoxylate?
Alkylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants, consisting of branched-chain alkylphenols, which react with ethylene oxide, producing an ethoxylate chain. Alkylphenol ethoxylates are used as emulsifiers for polymerization, as detergents and pesticides, and in the processing of wool and metals. …
Is nonylphenol banned?
Nonylphenol ethoxylates to be banned in imported clothing and textiles. The European Union’s REACH Chemicals Committee has voted unanimously to implement a ban on imported textiles and clothing containing nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) above a maximum permitted level of 0.01 % m/m.
What is difference between phenol and nonylphenol?
The key difference between phenol and nonylphenol is that phenol has a hydroxyl group substituted into a benzene ring whereas nonylphenol has a hydroxyl group and another organic group substituted to a benzene ring. Organic compounds are chemical compounds having carbon and hydrogen atoms.
What are NP/NPEs (nonylphenols)?
NP/NPEs, also known as nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates, are nonionic surfactants, or detergent-like substances, with uses that lead to widespread release into aquatic environments. NP/NPEs are highly toxic to aquatic life.
What are nonylphenol ethoxylates?
Nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are produced in large volumes, with uses that lead to widespread release to the aquatic environment. NP is persistent in the aquatic environment, moderately bioaccumulative, and extremely toxic to aquatic organisms. NP’s main use is in the manufacture of NPEs.
Is nonylphenol ethoxylate toxic to fish?
Nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are produced in large volumes, with uses that lead to widespread release to the aquatic environment. NP is persistent in the aquatic environment, moderately bioaccumulative, and extremely toxic to aquatic organisms. NP’s main use is in the manufacture of NPEs.
Where can I find more information on the NPE alternatives assessment?
More information on the NPE alternatives assessment can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/saferchoice/partnership-evaluate-alternatives-nonylphenol-ethoxylates.
