How do you measure pulse wave velocity?

How do you measure pulse wave velocity?

PWV is most commonly measured as the time it takes a pulse wave to travel from the carotid to the femoral arteries divided by the distance multiplied by 0.8, and is consequently a marker of aortic stiffness.

How accurate is withings pulse wave velocity?

While previous data examined the mean ± the standard error of the mean, providing a mean difference of 0.7 m/s, the standard deviation of the Withings pulse wave velocity measurement was calculated to be 0.57 m/s, well within the acceptable range stated by the ARTERY Society.

How much is normal pulse wave velocity in the aorta?

The mean PWV found was 6.84 m/s ± 1.65 (range: 3.12–13.4).

What is carotid pulse wave velocity?

Abstract. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, is determined from the time taken for the arterial pulse to propagate from the carotid to the femoral artery. Propagation time is measured variously from the foot of the waveform or point of maximum upslope.

How does pulse wave analysis work?

Pulse pressure wave analysis allows calculation of the speed of the pulse (PWV) and ‘augmentation’ of the pulse pressure in the ascending aorta (AIx), both of these measures are related to vascular stiffness, a key component of atherosclerosis.

What causes pulse wave velocity?

Each time your heart beats, it induces a wave along the aorta and the arterial tree. This wave leads to blood-volume changes in the vessels that expand and contract in response to these changes. Pulse Wave Velocity is the propagation speed of this wave along the arteries.

How does withings measure vascular age?

To determine Vascular Age, Withings’ algorithm analyzes a person’s PWV measurement against the norms for their age and physical characteristics and is expressed both as an actual age (± range against chronological range) and as an indication of whether a person is optimal, normal, or sub-optimal.

How accurate is the Withings body cardio?

The Body Cardio is a very accurate scale (it even takes the gravity at your location into account) and pegged my weight to within 0.2 pounds nearly every time. The bone, fat and water composition measurements were also consistent.

What is heart rate normal?

A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate closer to 40 beats per minute.

What influences pulse wave velocity?

Pulse wave velocity increased with age and BP category; the increase with age being more pronounced for higher BP categories and the increase with BP being more important for older subjects. The distribution of PWV with age and BP category is described and reference values for PWV are established.

What is a pulse wave treatment?

Pulse Wave Therapy (also known as acoustic wave technology) is a non-invasive and painless procedure that uses low-intensity acoustic waves to improve certain conditions that are caused by poor or reduced blood flow and circulatory atherosclerotic plaque formation resulting in blockages.

What is pulse wave analysis?

Pulse wave velocity analysis is a classic index of aortic stiffness and is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive cases. Since aortic pulse wave velocity is dominantly influenced by age, this finding may be of major importance for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in the elderly.

What is pulse wave transit time?

Pulse Transit Time [PTT] is a measurement of the time it takes for the heart pulse wave to travel throughout your body . As it is widely applied, it measures the time between the R wave of an Electrocardiogram [ECG], which is the ‘moment’ of heart beat, against the pulse wave recorded with a Photoplethysmogram [PPG] which is, in fact, our Pulse Sensor.

What is pulse wave?

A wave is a disturbance that causes transfer of energy through space while a pulse is as a result of a single vibration sent through a medium. A pulse is actually a disturbance made up of a very large number of waves of different frequencies. When all of these waves are in phase we get the peak of the pulse.

What are pulse waves?

A pulse wave is a special non-periodic waveform that typically has one major crest. In some cases, when it is accompanied by several minor sub-harmonic crests, where it is called a wave packet. A pulse wave is often associated with a single sudden motion, impact, or even explosion.