How much ATP is produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
How much ATP is produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation produces 24–28 ATP molecules from the Kreb’s cycle from one molecule of glucose converted into pyruvate. Two theoretical approaches applied to the oxidative phosphorylation are metabolic control analysis and nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
How many ATP are produced in eukaryotes?
In eukaryotic cells, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP generated per glucose is 36 to 38, depending on how the 2 NADH generated in the cytoplasm during glycolysis enter the mitochondria and whether the resulting yield is 2 or 3 ATP per NADH.
Why do eukaryotes only produce 36 ATP?
Complete answer: In prokaryotes, there are no mitochondria, the whole process of respiration occurs within the cytoplasm so no ATP is consumed in transporting across the organelle. Therefore, 38 ATPs are made from one glucose in bacteria while 36 are made in a eukaryotic cell.
Why does the yield of ATP vary during oxidative phosphorylation?
The ATP yield varies slightly depending on the type of shuttle used to transport electrons from the cytosol into the mitochondrion. The mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to HADH so NADH in the cytosol is separated from the machinery of oxidative phosphorylation.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondria
In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation.
Where is most ATP generated in eukaryotic cells?
The majority of ATP in aerobic, eukaryotic cells is produced by the mitochondria.
Why do eukaryotes yield less ATP?
In reality, the total ATP yield is usually less, ranging from one to 34 ATP molecules, depending on whether the cell is using aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration; in eukaryotic cells, some energy is expended to transport intermediates from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria, affecting ATP yield.
How do you calculate ATP yield?
To obtain the energy yield it is necessary to calculate that net ATP yield which is given by the difference between the total ATP produced and the ATP consumed: 1 FADH2 produces 2 ATP and 1 NADH produces 3 ATP in the election transport chain.
How many ATP is produced in anaerobic respiration?
2 ATP molecules
In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis. Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules.
Why does FADH2 yield two ATP using the electron transport system but NADH yields three ATP?
FADH2 produces less ATP then NADH because NADH has more energetic electrons. FADH2 produces less ATP then NADH because NADH is reduced more. FADH2 produces less ATP then NADH because FADH2 produces a larger proton gradient.
How many ATP molecules are produced in the mitochondria?
In the mitochondria, the metabolism of sugars is completed, and the energy released is harnessed so efficiently that about 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized.
What is the energy yield of oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative Phosphorylation: Energy Yields. Because NADH enters the oxidative phosphorylation at Complex I, three steps of proton translocation result from electron transport, leading to three equivalents of ATP made by ATP synthase. Substrates oxidized by NAD are said to have a P/O ratio (phosphates fixed per oxygen atom reduced) of three.
How many ATP + 3 ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation?
Cellular respiration produces a maximum of 10 NADH and 2 FADH 2 per glucose molecule. Since a single NADH produces 2.5 ATP and a single FADH 2 produces 1.5 ATP, it follows that 25 ATP + 3 ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation. Four ATP are produced before oxidative phosphorylation, which yields a maximum of 32 ATP per glucose molecule.
What is the energy of electrons used to generate ATP?
The energy of the electrons is used to generate ATP. The entirety of this process is called oxidative phosphorylation. During oxidative phosphorylation: The energy from NADH and FADH 2 is used up. Oxygen gas is converted into water.
How is ATP produced in glycolysis and Krebs cycle?
We have just discussed two pathways in glucose catabolism—glycolysis and the Krebs cycle—that generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Most ATP, however, is generated during a separate process called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration.
