Is IL-22 anti inflammatory?

Is IL-22 anti inflammatory?

In general, IL-22 protects against epithelial cell injury and reduces bacterial infection, thereby inhibiting inflammation. However, IL-22 has also been implicated in promoting inflammation under certain conditions,12 which raises some concerns about IL-22 therapy.

What is the role of IL-22?

IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration.

Is IL-22 a proinflammatory cytokine?

Although IL-22 is beneficial to the host in many infectious and inflammatory disorders, depending on the target tissue it can be pathogenic due to its inherent pro-inflammatory properties, which are further enhanced when IL-22 is released together with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-17.

Do Th17 cells produce IL-22?

Th17 cells are the main producers of IL-22. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family, along with IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-24, and IL-26 (16). Activation of human CD4+ T cells with IL-12 and anti–IL-4 enhances IL-22 transcript expression, suggesting that IL-22 is a Th1 cytokine (17).

What is the main role of IL-22 secreted by Th22 cell to epithelial barrier?

The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical regulator of epithelial homeostasis. It has been implicated in multiple aspects of epithelial barrier function, including regulation of epithelial cell growth and permeability, production of mucus and antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), and complement production.

Is interleukin 2 anti inflammatory?

Interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are well characterized, whereas IL-27, IL-35 and IL-37 represent newcomers to the spectrum of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

How is interleukin used?

Interleukin-1 is made mainly by one type of white blood cell, the macrophage, and helps another type of white blood cell, the lymphocyte, fight infections. It also helps leukocytes pass through blood vessel walls to sites of infection and causes fever by affecting areas of the brain that control body temperature.

Does Th17 produce IL-23?

This puts the spotlight on IL-23, which is secreted by skin DCs, and induces production of proinflammatory mediators by Th17 cells such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. These mediators will act on KCs leading to their activation and hyperproliferation.

What is IL 22 used for in the body?

IL-22 also contributes to wound healing in the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract ( 10, 11 ). In addition to sterile inflammatory diseases, IL-22 is also critical in combatting many infectious diseases. IL-22 has been well studied in bacterial infections, especially those of the GI tract or lungs ( 12 ).

Is IL-22 a Protective Cytokine or an inflammatory cytokine?

However, this is complicated by the dual-natured role of IL-22 in inflammation, as the cytokine can be protective or inflammatory depending on the disease model.

What are the cellular sources of IL-22?

Accordingly, cellular sources of IL-22 are numerous, and the main production sites of IL-22 in lymphoid-derived cells are described below: IL-22 production has been demonstrated by three subtypes of T helper (Th) cells: Th1, Th17, and Th22.

What is non-traditional expression of IL-22?

This type of non-traditional expression of IL-22 can be found in patients with diseases outside the GI tract such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where fibroblasts have been found to contribute to the production of IL-22 ( Ikeuchi et al., 2005 ).