What are coryneforms?

What are coryneforms?

Coryneforms are Gram-positive, anaerobic actinobacteria commonly found on human skin and can be divided into two species: Corynebacterium diphtheriae and diphtheroids (nondiphtheriae corynebacteria).

What antibiotics cover Corynebacterium?

Many antibiotics are effective, including penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline; erythromycin or penicillin is the treatment of choice and is usually given for 14 days.

Where does Corynebacterium come from?

They are ubiquitous and can be found on the skin and in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The primary pathogen in this group is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the etiologic agent of diphtheria.

What are Diphtheroids?

Diphtheroids are defined as aerobic, non-sporulating, pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli which are more uniformly stained than Corynebacterium diphtheriae, lack the metachromatic granules and are arranged in a palisade manner. They are usually commensals of the skin and mucous membranes.

What is Gram cocci positive?

Gram-positive cocci include Staphylococcus (catalase-positive), which grows clusters, and Streptococcus (catalase-negative), which grows in chains. The staphylococci further subdivide into coagulase-positive (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative (S. epidermidis and S.

What does mixed non Uropathogenic gram-positive flora mean?

in mixed cultures (except for S. aureus and S. saprophyticus) These organisms are not normally considered potential uropathogens. They are normal urethral flora and/or colonizing bacteria from the skin, vaginal or rectal areas.

Where is Corynebacterium found in the body?

They are ubiquitous and can be found on the skin and in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The primary pathogen in this group is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the etiologic agent of diphtheria. Additional corynebacteria include 45 species, 30 of which on rare occasion cause human disease.

Is Corynebacterium a normal flora?

Corynebacterium jeikeium is considered part of the normal skin flora, similar to S. epidermidis. This bacterium species resides on the skin of most humans and is commonly cultured from hospitalized patients.

What part of the human body does Corynebacterium colonize?

C. diphtheriae usually colonize a local lesion in the upper respiratory tract (although cutaneous diphtheria can occur as well) where the toxin secreted by the bacteria cases necrotic injury to epithelial cells.

Is Gram-positive cocci serious?

Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive cocci in clusters. S. aureus can cause inflammatory diseases, including skin infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses.

What is bacterial endocarditis?

Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart’s inner lining or heart valves. It’s a serious condition that needs to be treated right away. Endocarditis can cause serious complications. It can also lead to death. See a healthcare provider right away if you have any symptoms of endocarditis.

What is subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)?

Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) is a slowly developing type of infective endocarditis — an infection of the lining of your heart (endocardium). Infective endocarditis can affect your heart’s valves, too.

What tests are used to rule out endocarditis?

Tests used to confirm or rule out endocarditis include: Blood culture test. A blood culture test is used to identify any germs in your bloodstream. Blood culture test results help your doctor choose the most appropriate antibiotic or combination of antibiotics. Complete blood count.

How is endocarditis (enteric fever) treated?

Once endocarditis occurs, quick treatment is necessary to prevent damage to the heart valves and more serious complications, such as death. As soon as the blood cultures have been secured the patient is started on intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy (broad spectrum), covering as many as possible of suspected bacterial species.

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