What are hosts of Lyme disease?

What are hosts of Lyme disease?

Ticks become infected with the bacterium while feeding on an infected reservoir host. The most common hosts for larvae and nymphs are the white-footed mouse and birds. White tailed deer are the principal host for the adult ticks, but they do not become infected with Lyme disease.

What tick is an intermediate host for Borrelia burgdorferi?

The tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, harbors Borrelia burgdorferi (B.b.), the organism responsible for Lyme disease2. The larval and nymphal stages feed on intermediate hosts, which are mostly small mammals and birds. The adult tick prefers to feed on deer, but will also feed on dogs and people.

Where does Borrelia burgdorferi live?

Animal studies have shown that Borrelia burgdorferi can be found in many tissues and organs including the skin, joints, heart, brain, bladder and other sites of untreated animals as well as in animals who receive antibiotic treatment (Barthold, 2012, and Embers, Barthold, Borda et. al., 2012).

Which organism is an incidental host for Lyme disease?

It is unknown whether infected humans can transmit spirochaetes to feeding larvae, and humans are generally considered dead-end hosts and not part of the enzootic cycle. Dogs are probably incidental hosts and not part of the enzootic cycle.

Is Lyme Disease A zoonotic disease?

Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is an illness that affects both animals and humans – what is known as a zoonotic disease – and is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Is Vector a reservoir?

But instead of supplying water, a disease reservoir serves as a supply for a virus or other pathogen. Vector: Any living creature that can pass an infection to another living creature. Humans are technically vectors, but the term is more commonly applied to nonhuman organisms.

What is Borrelia burgdorferi classification?

Borrelia
Lyme disease spirochete/Genus

Is Borrelia burgdorferi motile?

Borrelia burgdorferi is a flat-wave, motile spirochete that causes Lyme disease. Motility is provided by periplasmic flagella (PFs) located between the cell cylinder and an outer membrane sheath.

Is Borrelia burgdorferi aerobic?

burgdorferi consumes O2 and grows in a microaerophilic atmosphere of 4% O2 but not in strictly aerobic or anaerobic environments. The spirochete produces a soluble hemolysin that is activated by a reducing agent such as cysteine.

Is Borrelia burgdorferi an emerging infectious disease?

In the late 20th century, Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, was recognized as an important emerging infection (1). It is now the most commonly reported arthropod-borne illness in the US and Europe and is also found in Asia (2).

How does Borrelia burgdorferi cause Lyme disease?

Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and rarely, Borrelia mayonii. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. Typical symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans.

Is Borrelia burgdorferi an obligate host?

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne obligate parasite whose normal reservoir is a variety of small mammals [1]. Whereas infection of these natural hosts does not lead to disease, infection of humans can result in Lyme disease, as a consequence of the human immunopathological response to B. burgdorferi [2, 3].

What are the three species of Borrelia burgdorferi?

In Europe and Asia, the three species of Borrelia responsible for most human cases of disease are B. burgdorferi sensu strictu (s.s.), B. garinii and B. afzelii, which are collectively referred to as B. burgdorferi sensu lato [9].

Is B burgdorferisensu stricto a pathogen?

In support of this idea, the genome sequence of B31, the type strain of B. burgdorferisensu stricto [4, 5], revealed that the bacterium lacks factors common to many bacterial pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharide, toxins, and specialized secretion systems.

Can humans get B burgdorferi from birds?

B. burgdorferi infects a wide range of vertebrate animals including small mammals, lizards, and birds [33–39]. Ticks of the genus Ixodes transmit B. burgdorferi between hosts and are the only natural agents through which humans have been shown to become infected [2, 40].

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