What are the mechanisms of stroke?
What are the mechanisms of stroke?
Three main mechanisms contribute to cell death during stroke — excitotoxicity and ionic imbalance, oxidative/nitrosative stress and apoptotic-like cell death. Proteolysis of the neurovascular matrix by plasminogen activator and metalloproteinases is linked with stroke-related haemorrhage and oedema, and anoikis.
What are the 5 types of strokes?
The five types of strokes are medical emergencies that stop or interrupt the flow of blood to the brain….These types are:
- Ischemic Stroke.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke.
- Transient Ischemic Attack (Mini-Stroke)
- Brain Stem Stroke.
- Cryptogenic Stroke (stroke of unknown cause)
What happens to the brain during stroke?
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes. A stroke is a medical emergency, and prompt treatment is crucial. Early action can reduce brain damage and other complications.
What are the stages of a stroke?
Table of contents
- Stage 1: Flaccidity.
- Stage 2: Spasticity Appears.
- Stage 3: Increased Spasticity.
- Stage 4: Decreased Spasticity.
- Stage 5: Spasticity Continues to Decrease.
- Stage 6: Spasticity Disappears and Coordination Reappears.
- How long will it take to recover from stroke?
What drives the biological process of stroke?
Once considered exclusively a disorder of blood vessels, growing evidence has led to the realization that the biological processes underlying stroke are driven by the interaction of neurons, glia, vascular cells and matrix components, which actively participate in mechanisms of tissue injury and repair.
What are the two types of stroke?
Two types of stroke that have been identified and recognized clinically correspond to their characteristic mechanisms of flow obstruction or neuronal damage: ischemic stroke 4 and hemorrhagic stroke. 5 Ischemic strokes, which account for 80% of strokes, are caused by the obstruction or clogging of the major arteries in the cerebral circulation.
What are the causes of ischemic stroke?
The majority of ischemic strokes are arterial in origin, caused by occlusion of a feeding artery by a thromboembolic process. Reduction in tissue perfusion below a certain threshold renders neurons ischemic and dysfunctional, and then, if flow is not restored, the tissue becomes irreversibly damaged (infarction).
What is the pathophysiology of a hemorrhagic stroke?
Hemorrhagic strokes, which account for the remaining 20% of all strokes, occur as a result of rupture of vascular lesions within the cerebrovasculature, typically due to an aneurysm or a weakened blood vessel within an arteriovenous malformation.
