What are the methods of adjusting Isotonicity?

What are the methods of adjusting Isotonicity?

The tonicity of a drug solution can be adjusted in two methods: Class I methods, in which sodium chloride or some other substance is dissolved into the solution to lower the freezing point and make it isotonic with body fluids. The cryoscopy method is included in this method, as well as the chloride equivalent method.

What is sprowls method?

Sprowls method is a simplification of White-Vincent method in which values of V for drugs of fixed weight (0.3 g) are computed and construed as a table (0.3 g is the quantity required to prepare 1% solution for 30 mL solution). This is commonly used for ophthalmic and parenteral solutions.

What is isotonic solution in pharmaceutics?

Isotonic solution: A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood. Isotonic solutions are commonly used as intravenously infused fluids in hospitalized patients.

What are buffered isotonic solution?

Pharmaceutical solutions that are meant for application to. delicate membranes of the body should also be adjusted to. approximately the same osmotic pressure as that of the body.

What is tonicity and why is it important?

Having a good understanding of tonicity gives a good insight into how dehydration can affect the cells of the body. An isotonic solution is best because the osmotic pressure within and outside the cell is equal, so there is no net movement of water and the cells will retain their shape and function.

What is tonicity Slideshare?

1 Tonicity. 2 Tonicity Describes the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. It depends on the concentration of a solute.

Can tonicity be adjusted?

Tonicity equivalent or sodium chloride equivalent method is used to adjust the tonicity of pharmaceutical solutions. Sodium chloride equivalent (E) of a drug is the amount of sodium chloride that is equivalent to 1 gm of the drug.

How do you calculate Isotonicity?

Calculations for preparation of isotonic solution: multiply the quantity of each drug in the prescription by it’s sodium chloride equivalent E , and subtract this value from the concentration of sodium chloride which is isotonic with body fluids (0.9 gm per 100 ml). Sodium chloride q.s. Make isoton.

What is tonicity in pharmacology?

Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a semipermeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selectively membrane permeable solutes across a cell membrane which determine the direction and extent of osmotic flux.

What is Isotonicity in pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry?

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS  “When two solutions have same osmotic pressure and salt concentration are said to be isotonic solutions”. Iso (same) and tonic (concentration).  Physiologically, isotonic solutions are solutions having the same osmotic pressure as that of the body fluids when separated by a biological membrane.

How do you adjust the tonicity of a solution?

What’s the difference between hypotonic hypertonic and isotonic?

Hypotonic – which has a lower concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. Isotonic – which has a similar concentration of fluid, sugars and salt to blood. Hypertonic – which has a higher concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood.

What is the best method to determine if a solution is isotonic?

1. Freezing point depression (FPD) cryoscopic method. 2. NaCL equivalent method. 3. White Vincent method Any solution have F.P. = – 0.52 is isotonic. a 1% soln. of apomorphin HCL isotonic?

How do you calculate tonicity adjustment?

Adjustment of tonicity is simplified if the freezing points of the medicament and the inert salt (adjusting substance) are known for various strengths of their solutions. Freezing points are usually expressed in terms of 1% solutions and one can calculate the quantity by multiplying the freezing point with the factor.

How to determine the tonicity of a solution?

Hence, tonicity of a solution may be determined by determining its colligative properties. For making isotonic solutions, the quantities of substances to be added may be calculated by following methods:  Based on molecular concentration  Based on freezing point data  Based on sodium chloride equivalent (E) value  White-Vincent method

Is intrathecal injection isotonic or ionic?

Intrathecal injection- isotonic 2. Nasal drops- should be isotonic. 3. Ophthalmic preparations- should be isotonic. 8. CALCULATIONS FOR SOLUTIONS ISOTONIC WITH BLOOD AND TEARS.

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