What are the pharmacokinetics of salicylates?

What are the pharmacokinetics of salicylates?

Aspirin absorption follows first-order kinetics with an absorption half-life ranging from 5 to 16 minutes. Hydrolysis of aspirin to salicylic acid by nonspecific esterases occurs in the liver and, to a lesser extent, the stomach so that only 68% of the dose reaches the systemic circulation as aspirin.

How are salicylates metabolized?

Salicylates are metabolized principally in the liver by the microsomal enzyme system and are predominately conjugated with glycine to form salicyluric acid. Salicylates are also conjugated with glucuronic acid to form salicylphenolic glucuronide and salicylacyl glucuronide.

How aspirin is absorbed in the body?

Aspirins absorption is pH sensitive at the level of the small intestine. Absorption is higher through the small intestine than the stomach for the same pH range. At pH 3.5 or 6.5, aspirin’s intestinal absorption is greater than the gastric absorption of the compound. The stomach does not absorb aspirin at pH 6.5.

At what concentration does salicylic acid become toxic?

Salicylate levels greater than 100 mg/dL are considered severe toxicity and occur 12 to 24 hours after ingestion. Damage to the basement membranes will cause cerebral and pulmonary edema. Patients may become obtunded and develop seizures.

How does salicylic acid cause metabolic acidosis?

The metabolism of fatty acids is likewise increased in patients with salicylate toxicity, generating ketone body formation. These processes all contribute to the development of an elevated anion-gap metabolic acidosis in patients with salicylate poisoning.

How is heparin distributed?

Heparin is absorbed best intravascularly, but may be administered subcutaneous as a preventive measure. It is distributed through the body by major blood components. Its metabolization and its elimination take place primarily through the reticuloendothelial system and the liver.

Can heparin break up clots?

This medicine is sometimes called a blood thinner, although it does not actually thin the blood. Heparin will not dissolve blood clots that have already formed, but it may prevent the clots from becoming larger and causing more serious problems.

What are the clinical pharmacokinetics of salicylates?

Clinical pharmacokinetics of the salicylates The use of salicylates in rheumatic diseases has been established for over 100 years. The more recent recognition of their modification of platelet and endothelial cell function has lead to their use in other areas of medicine. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is still the most commonly used salicylat …

What is the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid?

The pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 650 mg.) and salicylic acid (SA, 500 mg.) were studied following intravenous administration in males. The resultant plasma concentration‐time curves were described by bi‐exponential equations.

What is salicylic acid and how does it work?

Salicylic acid has a narrow therapeutic window. If maintained within that narrow range, it provides the appropriate anti-inflammatory effect. Aspirins absorption is pH sensitive at the level of the small intestine. Absorption is higher through the small intestine than the stomach for the same pH range.

Which salicylate is used in aspirin?

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is still the most commonly used salicylate. After oral administration as an aqueous solution aspirin is rapidly absorbed at the low pH of the stomach millieu.