What are the purposes of doing drug sensitivity tests for TB?

What are the purposes of doing drug sensitivity tests for TB?

The development and implementation of rapid molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) drug-susceptibility testing is critical to inform treatment of patients and to prevent the emergence and spread of resistance.

What is drug sensitivity testing?

A sensitivity analysis is a test that determines the “sensitivity” of bacteria to an antibiotic. It also determines the ability of the drug to kill the bacteria. The results from the test can help your doctor determine which drugs are likely to be most effective in treating your infection.

Which media is used for drug sensitivity testing of tubercle bacilli?

Our rapid susceptibility testing method for M. tuberculosis on Middlebrook 7H11 agar is fast, practical and inexpensive. It provides an alternative when more sophisticated techniques are not available or affordable.

What test can be used to test for drug-resistant strains of TB?

Sputum tests The samples are tested for TB bacteria. Sputum samples can also be used to test for drug-resistant strains of TB .

How is drug-resistant TB diagnosed?

Drug resistance can be detected using special laboratory tests which test the bacteria for sensitivity to the drugs or detect resistance patterns. These tests can be molecular in type (such as Xpert MTB/RIF) or else culture-based.

What are the different sensitivity testing methods?

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be performed using a variety of formats, the most common being disk diffusion, agar dilution, broth macrodilution, broth microdilution, and a concentration gradient test.

What is FL LPA?

In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed the use of the first line (FL) line probe assay (LPA), the GenoType MTBDRplus (referred to as GenoType MTBDRplus V1), for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (4).

What is the Genexpert test?

The Genexpert diagnoses TB by detecting the presence of TB bacteria. The test is a molecular TB test which detects the DNA in TB bacteria. It uses a sputum sample and can give a result in less than 2 hours. The Genexpert can also detect the genetic mutations associated with resistance to the drug Rifampicin.

How is antibiotic sensitivity determined?

Antibiotic susceptibility is determined by measuring the diameter of the zones of bacterial inhibition around the antibiotic disks and comparing the diameter with disk diffusion interpretive criteria updated annually by CLSI 12,15.

How do you detect drug resistance?

The standard method for identifying drug resistance is to take a sample from a wound, blood or urine and expose resident bacteria to various drugs. If the bacterial colony continues to divide and thrive despite the presence of a normally effective drug, it indicates the microbes are drug-resistant.

How do you diagnose TB diagnosis?

The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. tuberculosis infection. Additional tests are required to confirm TB disease. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm.

When to suspect MDR tuberculosis (TB)?

When to suspect MDR TB► Re-treatment patients who‟s sputum smear remains positive after three months‟ of intensive therapy► Treatment failure and interruption cases► Close contacts of MDR tuberculosis cases► Positive diagnoses with; TB culture and susceptibility testing Dr.T.V.Rao MD 17 18.

What is extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB)?

18. What is extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB)?►Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB) is a relatively rare type of MDR TB. XDR TB is defined as TB which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second- line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).

Is isoniazid resistant to MDR-TB?

Definition► MDR-TB caused by strains of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis resistant both Rifampicin and Isoniazid with or without resistance to other drugs.► Single Isoniazid or Rifampicin resistance is not MDR – TB► MDR TB is a laboratory diagnosis Dr.T.V.Rao MD 14 15.

What are the diagnostic discoveries of tuberculosis?

Diagnostic discoveries► 24th March 1882 (Robert Koch) TB Day  Discovery of staining technique that identified Tuberculosis bacillus  Definite diagnosis made possible 1890 (Robert Koch)  Tuberculin discovered  Diagnostic use when injected into skin► 1895 (Roentgen)  Discovery of X-rays  Early diagnosis of pulmonary disease Dr.T.V.Rao MD 5 6.