What are the results of p53 activation?

What are the results of p53 activation?

Upon activation, p53 induces the expression of a variety of gene products, which cause either a prolonged cell-cycle arrest in G1, thereby preventing proliferation of damaged cells, or apoptosis, thereby removing damaged cells from our body.

What are p53 isoforms?

p53 isoform proteins thus contain distinct protein domains. They are expressed in normal human tissues but are abnormally expressed in a wide range of cancer types. We have recently reported that p53 isoform expression is associated with breast cancer prognosis, suggesting that they play a role in carcinogenesis.

Does p53 inhibit cell growth?

MECHANISM In normal cells, the p53 protein level is low. DNA damage and other stress signals may trigger the increase of p53 proteins, which have three major functions: growth arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis (cell death). The growth arrest stops the progression of cell cycle, preventing replication of damaged DNA.

What is p53 damage in DNA?

In unstressed cells, p53 is kept at low levels by its negative regulator Mdm2 (2). Upon DNA damage, p53 is stabilized and activated to function primarily as a transcription factor, regulating expression of downstream target genes.

How many p53 isoforms are there?

The TP53 gene is spread over 13 exons (Figure 1) located on the human chromosome 17p13. 1 [12]. Using multiple promotors, alternative splicing, and the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), this gene can create 12 different isoforms of the p53 protein [13].

Does the protein p53 play an important role during the DNA repair process?

p53 plays a prominent role as a facilitator of DNA repair by halting the cell cycle to allow time for the repair machineries to restore genome stability. In addition, p53 took on diverse roles to also directly impact the activity of various DNA-repair systems.

Why is it important to study p53?

Oncogenic activation of RAS, p53 protein overexpression, and p53 gene mutations have been reported as prognostic markers of poor outcome in NSCLC patients. Because p53 is an important factor in the regulation and initiation of DNA repair, aberrations in p53 expression may also affect response to chemotherapy.

What is the role of p53 in apoptosis?

The p53 tumor suppressor acts to integrate multiple stress signals into a series of diverse antiproliferative responses. One of the most important p53 functions is its ability to activate apoptosis, and disruption of this process can promote tumor progression and chemoresistance.

What does p53 protein promote?

The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way.

What is the role of p53 in the pathogenesis of cancer?

Suppression of p53 in human breast cancer cells is shown to lead to increased CXCR5 chemokine receptor gene expression and activated cell migration in response to chemokine CXCL13.

Why is p53 called The Guardian of the genome?

This homolog (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) is crucial in multicellular vertebrates, where it prevents cancer formation, and thus functions as a tumor suppressor. As such, p53 has been described as “the guardian of the genome ” because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation.

What is the role of p53 and Myc proteins in CML?

One study found that p53 and Myc proteins were key to the survival of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) cells. Targeting p53 and Myc proteins with drugs gave positive results on mice with CML.

Where is the TP53 gene located on the human genome?

Gene In humans, the TP53 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13.1). The gene spans 20 kb, with a non-coding exon 1 and a very long first intron of 10 kb.