What causes fetal thrombotic vasculopathy?

What causes fetal thrombotic vasculopathy?

As with intravascular clotting in general, causal factors of FTV include a combination of the triad of stasis (by compression of cord or aberrant vessels); a thrombophilic state, both genetic (eg, protein S or factor V Leiden) and acquired (anticardiolipin antibody and so forth); and vascular injury (inflammatory and …

What is hemorrhagic Endovasculitis?

Abstract. Context: Hemorrhagic endovasculitis (HEV) is a vasodisruptive alteration affecting fetal-placental blood vessels of all calibers. Hemorrhagic endovasculitis is found in association with stillbirth and abnormalities of growth and development in livebirths.

What is Intervillous thrombus?

Abstract. Intervillous thrombus (IVT) is a placental pathology of unclear cause. One possible cause is that IVT protects against fetomaternal transfusion due to trophoblastic disruption. A role for hyperglycemia in trophoblast apoptosis has been suggested.

What is the clinical significance of hemorrhage?

Hemorrhage is an acute loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel. The bleeding can be minor, such as when the superficial vessels in the skin are damaged, leading to petechiae and ecchymosis.

What is a Retroplacental hematoma?

A retroplacental hematoma occurs when the placenta detaches over a large area and causes a hematoma between the uterine wall and placenta. Considered a medical emergency, it must be treated by Cesarean section. Placenta previa is a placenta that is considered to be implanted too low.

What is placental parenchyma?

Placental Parenchyma A diffusely soft placenta may represent infection, particularly if the structure is also thickened. Firm areas in the placenta may represent fibrin deposition or infarction. Fresh infarcts are red, while older infarcts are gray.

What are thromboembolic events?

Thromboembolism: Formation in a blood vessel of a clot (thrombus) that breaks loose and is carried by the blood stream to plug another vessel. The clot may plug a vessel in the lungs (pulmonary embolism), brain (stroke), gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or leg.

What do we know about Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy?

Introduction:: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is a recently described placental alteration with varying degrees of involvement and often associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The diagnosis is made histologically and therefore is postnatal, which makes it a challenge in clinical practice.

What is considered severe fetal ventricular tachycardia (FTV)?

Using the Society for Pediatric Pathology criteria of 2 or more foci of 15 or more avascular villi or villous stromal-vascular karyorrhexis to represent severe FTV, this study examines the outcomes of liveborn infants with placentas demonstrating severe or nonsevere distal villous FTV (DV-FTV) and large-vessel FTV (LV-FTV).

What are the effects of occlusive thrombosis in large stem vessels?

Accessed September 14th, 2021. Occlusive thrombi in large stem vessels are accompanied by downstream changes including organization, septation, red cell extravasation, endothelial destruction, loss of vascularity and ultimately fibrosis

What are the causes of recurrent fetal loss?

Recurrent fetal loss Most common causes of intrauterine fetal death are genetic, infection, thrombotic disorders and autoimmune disease Other causes include environmental (smoking, alcohol) and endocrine (diabetes) Rate of occurrence varies based on gestational age