What causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
What causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are clinically significant dose-related adverse effects associated with second-line anti-tubercular injectables drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) used during intensive phase of treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.
Do aminoglycosides cause ototoxicity?
Although aminoglycosides are highly effective and relatively inexpensive, they are known to have ototoxicity and vestibular toxicity. Aminoglycosides can accumulate in the inner ear and are difficult to metabolize, leading to permanent hearing loss (Fischel-Ghodsian, 2005).
What are the mechanisms of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
Renal tubular toxicity is the primary mechanism by which aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity. 13 In the proximal tubule of the nephron, these agents undergo endocytosis and concentrate in lysosomes, the Golgi body, and endoplasmic reticulum.
Is nephrotoxic as well as Ototoxic?
Both drug categories are nephrotoxic as well as ototoxic. Aminoglycosides and cisplatin target the outer hair cells in the basal turn of the cochlea to cause high frequency sensorineural hearing loss in a substantial percentage of patients treated with these drugs.
How does aminoglycoside cause acute kidney injury?
Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity In addition to their direct effect on cells, aminoglycosides cause renal vasoconstriction. The 2 critical factors in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity are dosing and duration of therapy.
Which of the following has nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
It is well established that many drugs, such as the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are capable of inducing both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
What drugs can cause ototoxicity?
List of Ototoxic Medications
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.
- Certain antibiotics, including aminoglycosides.
- Certain cancer medications.
- Water pills and diuretics.
- Quinine-based medications.
What is the most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside?
The following rank order of nephrotoxicity has been reported, from most toxic to least toxic: neomycin > gentamicin ≥ tobramycin ≥ amikacin ≥ netilmicin > streptomycin [1].
Which category of drugs cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
What is nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are clinically significant dose-related adverse effects associated with second-line anti-tubercular injectables drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) used during intensive phase of treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.
What is the pathophysiology of aminoglycoside toxicity?
Nephrotoxicity induced by aminoglycosides manifests clinically as nonoliguric renal failure, with a slow rise in serum creatinine and a hypoosmolar urinary output developing after several days of treatment.
Do injectable-induced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity exist in Ethiopian MDR-TB patients?
Data are scarce on injectable-induced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in Ethiopian MDR-TB patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, management of nephrotoxicity and ototoxic symptoms and treatment outcomes of patients treated for MDR-TB with injectable-based regimens.
What are the general features of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity?
GENERAL FEATURES OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE NEPHROTOXICITY. Nephrotoxicity induced by aminoglycosides manifests clinically as nonoliguric renal failure, with a slow rise in serum creatinine and a hypoosmolar urinary output developing after several days of treatment.
