What causes Subgaleal hemorrhage newborn?

What causes Subgaleal hemorrhage newborn?

Subgaleal hemorrhage is a rare but potentially lethal condition found in newborns. It is caused by rupture of the emissary veins, which are connections between the dural sinuses and the scalp veins. Blood accumulates between the epicranial aponeurosis of the scalp and the periosteum.

What is the main risk associated with a Subgaleal hemorrhage?

Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with subgaleal haemorrhage on univariate analysis showed that prolonged second stage of labour (OR = 9.02; 95% CI 6.15-17.51), fetal distress (OR = 5.05; 95% CI 2.67-11.12), vacuum delivery (OR = 7.17; 95% CI 5.43-10.25), forceps delivery (OR = 2.66; 95% CI 1.78-5.18).

How long does it take for Subgaleal hemorrhage to resolve?

Most subgaleal hematomas show a benign course and do not require treatment, resolving completely within 2–3 weeks. However, large subgaleal hematomas may be a potentially life-threatening condition. The subgaleal space is estimated to potentially contain up to 260 mL of blood in term infants.

What does Subgaleal hemorrhage mean?

A subgaleal hemorrhage is an accumulation of blood within the loose connective tissue of the subgaleal space, which is located between the galea aponeurotica and the periosteum (figure 1). Unlike a cephalohematoma, a subgaleal hemorrhage can be massive, leading to profound hypovolemic shock.

What is the difference between caput Succedaneum and cephalohematoma?

Caput succedaneum is similar to cephalohematoma as both involve unusual bumps or swelling on the newborn’s head. However, the main difference is that lumps caused by bleeding under the scalp is cephalohematoma, whereas lumps caused by scalp swelling due to pressure is known as caput succedaneum.

What does a subgaleal hemorrhage feel like?

Diagnosis of SGH is clinical. The scalp is boggy (feels like a water balloon, fluid is firm to fluctuant with ill defined borders, may have crepitus or waves and shifts dependently when the infant’s head is repositioned). SGH may be misdiagnosed as cephalohematomas or caput succedaneum.

How do you treat a Subgaleal hemorrhage?

Treatment for a subgaleal hematoma is aimed at resolving the symptoms of blood loss and assuring that the infant returns to a stable condition. This often includes volume resuscitation and blood transfusions to correct ongoing bleeding (1, 3).

When does caput Succedaneum resolve?

Caput succedaneum typically resolves without the need for intervention within a couple of days following delivery. When there are no additional injuries or risks factors, a case of cephalohematoma typically resolves without the need for intervention within 2 to 6 weeks following delivery.

Is caput succedaneum or cephalohematoma worse?

While cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum are both birth injuries to a baby’s head, each has its own set of causes and symptoms. In most cases, cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum are not severe or life-threatening, however, there are some risks and complications you should know.

When does caput succedaneum resolve?

Is subgaleal hematoma dangerous to babies?

Subgaleal hematomas have the potential to drain a significant amount of blood from the newborn, putting the baby at risk of injuries including neonatal encephalopathy (brain damage), seizures, or even death . The reported mortality rate in infants with SGH is 22.8% (2).

What is subgaleal hematoma?

Subgaleal hematoma describes scalp bleeding in the potential space between the periosteum and the galea aponeurosis. It is a rare but possibly lethal emergency. Moderate to severe presentations occur in 1.5 of 10,000 live births.

What does subgaleal hemorrhage mean?

A subgaleal hemorrhage is bleeding between the skull and scalp , leading to swelling. It is possible to bleed profusely from ruptured blood vessels below the scalp, potentially causing shock in the patient due to blood loss. This condition is most commonly seen after traumatic birth, although it can also be caused by a fall or blow to the head.

What is a cerebellar hemorrhage?

Cerebellar hemorrhage is a form of intracranial hemorrhage and is most frequently seen in the setting of poorly controlled hypertension, although this can of course also be secondary to an underlying lesion (e.g. tumor or vascular malformation) or due to supratentorial surgery (see remote cerebellar hemorrhage ).