What did Jack Szostak discover?
What did Jack Szostak discover?
telomeres
After Elizabeth Blackburn discovered that telomeres have a particular DNA, through experiments conducted on ciliates and yeast, she and Jack Szostak proved in 1982 that the telomeres’ DNA prevents chromosomes from being broken down.
Who discovered telomerase?
Elizabeth Blackburn
Carol Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn identified telomerase, the enzyme that makes telomere DNA. These discoveries explained how the ends of the chromosomes are protected by the telomeres and that they are built by telomerase. If the telomeres are shortened, cells age.
How did Elizabeth Blackburn discover telomeres?
She and biologist Jack Szostak suspected that the cause was an enzyme. They were right: in 1984, with her student Carol Greider, Blackburn discovered telomerase, an enzyme that lengthens each strand of DNA before the copying stage, compensating for the shortening during cell division.
Does Jennifer doudna have siblings?
My parents moved the family to Hilo in 1971: I was 7, my sister Ellen was 4 and the youngest, Sarah, was 3 months old.
Why did Elizabeth H Blackburn win the Nobel Prize?
Blackburn is an Australian-born American molecular biologist and biochemist who was co-awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for her discoveries elucidating the genetic composition and function of telomeres (segments of DNA occurring at the ends of chromosomes) and for her contribution to the …
Where is Elizabeth Blackburn?
Blackburn splits her time living between La Jolla and San Francisco with her husband, scientist John W. Sedat, whom she met while at Cambridge, and has a son, Benjamin.
What was suggested to positively affect the telomeres?
Physical activity was positively associated with leukocyte telomere length. Practicing a sport for > 10 years associated with longer telomeres.
Do somatic cells express telomerase?
Telomerase is found in fetal tissues, adult germ cells, and also tumor cells. Telomerase activity is regulated during development and has a very low, almost undetectable activity in somatic (body) cells. Because these somatic cells do not regularly use telomerase, they age.
Who made CRISPR?
Jennifer Doudna is the biggest household name in the world of CRISPR, and for good reason, she is credited as the one who co-invented CRISPR. Dr. Doudna was among the first scientists to propose that this microbial immunity mechanism could be harnessed for programmable genome editing.
Where did the research on telomeres take place?
The experiments took place at the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute and at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and at the University of California in Berkeley, California. For their research on telomeres and telomerase, Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.
Who is Stephen Szostak and what did he do?
Szostak had received his PhD in biochemistry from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, in 1977, where he specialized in cloning yeast and in manipulating genes.
How do telomeres and telomerase affect lifespan?
Telomeres and telomerase affect the lifespan of mammalian cells and ensure that cells rapidly develop within developing embryos. The scientists involved in the experiments with telomeres and telomerase came from a variety of disciplines. Blackburn worked at the University of California in Berkeley (UC Berkeley) from 1982 to 1989.
What did Blackburn and Szostak discover about DNA replication?
Blackburn and Szostak hypothesized that a specific, not yet identified, enzyme added new DNA to the ends of telomeres. In 1984 when Greider joined Blackburn’s lab, they formulated a procedure to discover that unidentified enzyme.
