What does atypical drug mean?

What does atypical drug mean?

The term “atypical” refers to an antipsychotic medication that produces minimal extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) at clinically effective antipsychotic doses, has a low propensity to cause tardive dyskinesia (TD) with long-term treatment, and treats both positive and negative signs and symptoms of schizophrenia [1].

What is the difference between atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs?

Typical antipsychotic drugs act on the dopaminergic system, blocking the dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. Atypical antipsychotics have lower affinity and occupancy for the dopaminergic receptors, and a high degree of occupancy of the serotoninergic receptors 5-HT2A.

How are atypical antipsychotics metabolized?

The former group of atypical antipsychotic drugs shares a similar tricyclic structural nucleus and are metabolized through three major categorical metabolic pathways—N +-oxidation, N-glucuronidation, and phases 1 and 2 biotransformation with final glucuronidation before renal excretion.

Which drugs are classified as atypical antipsychotics?

There are 6 atypical antipsychotics commercially available in the United States: clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole.

Is chlorpromazine typical or atypical?

Typical antipsychotic drugs are also known as ‘first generation’, ‘conventional’ or ‘classical’ antipsychotic drugs, e.g. chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Atypical antipsychotic drugs are also known as ‘second generation’ or ‘newer antipsychotic drugs’, e.g. clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine and olanzapine.

What is the difference between atypical and typical drugs?

The key characteristic of atypical antipsychotics is that the drugs effectively treat psychoses at doses which do not induce extra pyramidal adverse effects. In contrast, the typical drugs tend to cause extra pyramidal adverse effects at the doses which are effective for psychotic symptoms.

Where are antipsychotics metabolized?

Most of the agents undergo excretion primarily in the urine, with two exceptions: aripiprazole and ziprasidone.

How are second generation antipsychotics metabolized?

Awareness of the metabolism of second-generation antipsychotics by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system can inform the clinician about how to avoid and manage drug-drug interactions involving these enzymes. Clozapine is metabolized primarily by CYP1A2, with additional contributions by CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4.

Which one is an example of atypical antipsychotic agent?

The atypical antipsychotics include risperidone (Risperdal, Janssen), olanzapine (Zyprexa, Eli Lilly), quetiapine (Seroquel, AstraZeneca), ziprasidone (Geodon, Pfizer), and aripiprazole (Abilify, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Otsuka).

What are typical and atypical antipsychotics used for?

Atypical antipsychotics are most typically prescribed to treat schizophrenia and to augment the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder.

Is chlorpromazine atypical antipsychotic?

First generation ‘typical’ antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine are an older class of antipsychotic than second generation ‘atypical’ antipsychotics.