What does extranodal lymphoma mean?

What does extranodal lymphoma mean?

The term extranodal disease refers to lymphomatous infiltration of anatomic sites other than the lymph nodes. Almost any organ can be affected by lymphoma, with the most common extranodal sites of involvement being the stomach, spleen, Waldeyer ring, central nervous system, lung, bone, and skin.

What causes extranodal lymphoma?

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is strongly linked to infection with a virus called Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a very common virus that can cause glandular fever. After you’ve been infected with it, EBV stays in your body but it is normally kept under control by your immune system.

Does lymphoma spread to kidneys?

The kidneys are the most common abdominal organ affected by systemic lymphoma according to several studies. Renal involvement is most common with B-cell lymphoma, and the majority are intermediate or high-grade lymphomas including Burkitt and histiocytic varieties.

What is an extranodal organ?

Listen to pronunciation. (EK-struh-NOH-dul) Refers to an area or organ outside of the lymph nodes.

How common is extranodal lymphoma?

Extranodal involvement can be seen with lymphoma in approximately 25–40% of cases and almost any organ can be involved[2,3]. Extranodal involvement is less common with Hodgkin disease (HD) with direct extension into adjacent organs in 15% and hematogenous spread in 5–10%.

Is extranodal lymphoma treatable?

A combined treatment with chemotherapy and RT is considered a valid therapeutic approach in patients with localized NHL, either nodal or extranodal, in most anatomic sites, including Waldeyer’s ring (100-102). However, the combinatory treatment is often associated with relevant acute and chronic toxicity (99,103).

What is primary renal lymphoma?

Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is a rare disease that comprises less than 1% of extranodal lymphomas1. It is defined as lymphoma involving the kidney without prior lymphatic disease beyond the kidney2. The etiology of PRL is not clear.

What is a renal lymphoma?

Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is defined as a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) involving the kidney in the absence of primarily extrarenal lymphatic disease. PRL is rare, as the kidney is an extranodal organ and does not contain lymphatic tissue (1).

What is the difference between nodal and extranodal lymphoma?

Extranodal lymphoma, by definition, involves sites other than lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and the pharyngeal lymphatic ring. Involvement of the spleen in HD is considered as nodal disease but in the case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) the spleen is regarded as an extranodal site.

What are the extranodal sites of lymphoma involvement?

Almost any organ can be affected by lymphoma, with the most common extranodal sites of involvement being the stomach, spleen, Waldeyer ring, central nervous system, lung, bone, and skin. The prevalence of extranodal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease has increased in the past decade.

What is the difference between primary extranodal lymphoma (HL) and NHL?

Up to 33 percent of all NHL is considered primary extranodal lymphoma, while in HL, primary extranodal disease is thought rarer. The most frequent site of primary extranodal lymphoma is in the gastrointestinal tract, and almost all of these are NHL. The next most frequent site after the GI tract is the skin.

What is extranodal involvement in Hodgkin’s disease?

In some cases, extranodal involvement is more indicative of advanced disease. In Hodgkin’s disease, for instance, extranodal involvement—except in the spleen and thymus—indicates stage IV Hodgkin disease. Even late-stage Hodgkin’s disease can be quite treatable, however.

Does diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arise from extranodal organs?

Opinion statement Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arises from extranodal organs in about 30% of cases. Its prognosis and risk of recurrence in the central nervous system (CNS) vary according to the primary site of origin. Recent studies begin to clarify these differences using molecular classification.