What does Extraprostatic extension present focal mean?
What does Extraprostatic extension present focal mean?
The degree of extraprostatic extension can be classified as focal or extensive (also referred to as ‘established’ or ‘nonfocal’). Focal is defined as extraprostatic glands which occupy no more than one high power field on no more than two sections, often described as “established”.
Is Extraprostatic Extension bad?
Extraprostatic extension (EPE) is an adverse prognostic factor for prostate cancer (PCa) and is defined as an extension of tumor into periprostatic soft tissue.
What is Extraprostatic disease?
The extraprostatic disease was defined as the invasion of adipose tissue and/or of the periprostatic neurovascular plexus.
What does EPE mean in prostate cancer?
Extraprostatic extension (EPE) is a factor in determining pT3a stage in prostate cancer. However, the only distinction in EPE is whether it is focal or non-focal, causing diagnostic and prognostic ambiguity.
What is bladder neck invasion?
In their study, bladder neck invasion was defined as the presence of malignant cells within the thick muscle bundles of the bladder neck sections, without accompanying prostatic glandular tissue.
What does seminal vesicle invasion mean?
Jewett defined SVI as the presence of prostate cancer in the areolar connective tissue around the seminal vesicles and outside the prostate. A more anatomically sound definition, proposed by Partin and associates,2 requires invasion of the muscular wall of the seminal vesicle for the diagnosis of SVI.
What is extracapsular extension?
Lymph node extracapsular extension, also termed extranodal extension or extracapsular spread (ECS) from lymph nodes, is defined as metastatic cancer extending through the nodal capsule into the peri-nodal adipose tissue and is a hallmark of aggressive phenotype for multiple cancers [1].
Where is the bladder neck?
The bladder neck is a group of muscles that connect the bladder to the urethra. The muscles tighten to hold urine in the bladder, and relax to release it through the urethra.
Is seminal vesicle invasion Extraprostatic extension?
Seminal vesicle invasion is commonly associated with and considered a form of extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer 3.
