What does Yersinia enterocolitica attack?

What does Yersinia enterocolitica attack?

Virulent strains of Yersinia invade mammalian cells such as HeLa cells in tissue culture. Two chromosomal genes, inv and ail, were identified for cell invasion of mammalian. The pathogen can cause diarrhoea, appendicitis and post-infection arthritis may occur in a small proportion of cases.

What does Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cause?

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Far East scarlet-like fever in humans, who occasionally get infected zoonotically, most often through the food-borne route.

What causes Yersinia enterocolitis?

Yersiniosis is an infection caused most often by eating raw or undercooked pork contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria. CDC estimates Y. enterocolitica causes almost 117,000 illnesses, 640 hospitalizations, and 35 deaths in the United States every year.

What is the pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolitica?

enterocolitica pathogenesis is colonization of the intestinal tract, particularly the distal small intestine (terminal ileum) and proximal colon. Accordingly, most of the pathologic effects and, hence, clinical manifestations occur at this location.

What are the complications at pseudotuberculosis and enteric Yersiniosis?

Complications of Y pseudotuberculosis infection may include intussusception, bacteremia, septic arthritis, and disseminated infection, especially in immunocompromises or iron-overloaded patients.

What toxin is produced by Yersinia enterocolitica?

enterocolitica are known to produce a heat-stable enterotoxin named Yersinia stable toxin-a (YST-a) (Delor et al., 1990).

What is the most typical clinical form of a pseudotuberculosis?

The most common clinical Y pseudotuberculosis syndromes are self-limited enterocolitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis (pseudoappendicitis), but septicemia may occur in immunocompromised hosts, resulting in metastatic infection.

What is the main factor in pathogenesis of a pseudotuberculosis?

The enteropathogen, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, requires a large inoculum to produce the disease. The primary virulence factor is a plasmid-encoded protein that causes increased invasiveness. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis survives intracellularly.

What can Yersinia cause?

Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative bacillus shaped bacterium that causes a zoonotic disease called yersiniosis. The infection is manifested as acute diarrhea, mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileitis, and pseudoappendicitis. In rare cases, it can even cause sepsis.

How can we prevent Yersiniosis?

Avoid eating raw or undercooked pork. Thoroughly cook raw meat and poultry to destroy the bacteria. Meat, poultry, pork, and hamburgers should be cooked until they are no longer pink in the middle. Defrost food in the refrigerator, in cold water, or in the microwave.

How is Yersinia enterocolitica transmitted?

Yersinia enterocolitica is most often transmitted by consumption of contaminated food (most commonly raw or undercooked pork), unpasteurized milk or inadequately pasteurized milk, untreated water, or by direct or indirect contact with animals.

How does Yersinia enterocolitica spread?