What happens during initiation elongation and termination?

What happens during initiation elongation and termination?

Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence. Lastly, termination occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, and UGA).

How do initiation and termination of transcription occur in prokaryotes?

Elongation and Termination in Prokaryotes. Transcription elongation begins with the release of the polymerase σ subunit and terminates via the rho protein or via a stable hairpin.

Where does initiation elongation and termination occur?

cytoplasm
Translation is the process by which the genetic code contained within a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. It occurs in the cytoplasm following DNA transcription and, like transcription, has three stages: initiation, elongation and termination.

What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?

The first step in transcription is initiation, when the RNA pol binds to the DNA upstream (5′) of the gene at a specialized sequence called a promoter (Figure 2a). In bacteria, promoters are usually composed of three sequence elements, whereas in eukaryotes, there are as many as seven elements.

What is elongation in prokaryotic transcription?

The elongation phase of transcription refers to the process through which nucleotides are added to the growing RNA chain. As the RNA polymerase moves down the DNA template strand, the open complex bubble moves also.

What is the elongation phase of transcription?

Basically, elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides. During elongation, RNA polymerase “walks” along one strand of DNA, known as the template strand, in the 3′ to 5′ direction.

Where does elongation occur?

Once RNA polymerase is in position at the promoter, the next step of transcription—elongation—can begin. Basically, elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides.

Which is the only enzyme that has the capability to Catalyse initiation elongation and termination in the process of transcription in prokaryotes?

The principal enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis is RNA polymerase, which catalyzes the polymerization of ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (NTPs) as directed by a DNA template.

What is elongation and termination in prokaryotic transcription?

Prokaryotic DNA Transcription Elongation and Termination. Elongation. The elongation phase of transcription refers to the process through which nucleotides are added to the growing RNA chain. As the RNA polymerase moves down the DNA template strand, the open complex bubble moves also.

What is the rate of transcription in prokaryotes at room temperature?

The core enzyme is left to polymerize the growing RNA chain alone. This leads to the continuous extrusion of the 5′ end of the RNA from the enzyme complex. At normal room temperature, the rate of transcription in prokaryotes is 40 nucleotides per second.

What is the termination of RNA synthesis?

Termination. RNA synthesis will continue along the DNA template strand until the polymerase encounters a signal that tells it to stop, or terminate, transcription. In prokaryotes, this signal can take two forms, rho-independent and rho-dependent.

What is the rate of RNA synthesis in prokaryotes?

This leads to the continuous extrusion of the 5′ end of the RNA from the enzyme complex. At normal room temperature, the rate of transcription in prokaryotes is 40 nucleotides per second. RNA synthesis will continue along the DNA template strand until the polymerase encounters a signal that tells it to stop, or terminate, transcription.