What is a P2 heart sound?

What is a P2 heart sound?

The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. The sound produced by the closure of the aortic valve is termed A2, and the sound produced by the closure of the pulmonic valve is termed P2.

What does loud S2 mean?

The second heart sound (S2) indicates closure of the aortic (A2) and pulmonary (P2) valves. The second heart sound normally splits on inspiration and is single during expiration, and A2 (closure of the aortic valve) is louder than P2 (closure of the pulmonary valve), even in the pulmonary area.

Where is S2 heart sound best heard?

Exam Technique in Second Heart Sounds Splitting best heard in the 2nd left intercostal space, close to the sternal border. Second heart sounds are best heard when patients are semi-recumbent (30-40 degrees upright) and in quiet inspiration.

What causes loud P2?

Loud P2. Pulmonary hypertension – In the same way as systemic hypertension causes a loud A2, a loud P2 results from pulmonary hypertension because pulmonary arterial pressure slams the valve shut at the end of systole.

Is splitting of S2 normal?

The second heart sound (S2) represents closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves (point d). S2 is normally split because the aortic valve (A2) closes before the pulmonary valve (P2).

What causes S2 splitting?

A split S2 is a finding upon auscultation of the S2 heart sound. It is caused when the closure of the aortic valve (A2) and the closure of the pulmonary valve (P2) are not synchronized during inspiration.

What causes soft S2?

It is caused when the closure of the aortic valve (A2) and the closure of the pulmonary valve (P2) are not synchronized during inspiration.

What causes soft heart?

As the LV fills, the pressure gradually increases. This gradual increase in pressure causes the mitral valve leaflets to slowly drift together. Therefore, when ventricular systole occurs in the setting of a long PR interval, the leaflets will be separated by a smaller distance, and the S1 sound will be softer.

When Auscultating the heart the first step is to?

With the diaphragm of the stethoscope, listen over the apex beat (Figure 2), located in the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line, while feeling the carotid pulse in the patient’s neck using your index and middle finger, to elicit the first heart sound (S1).

Is S2 systole or diastole?

The 2nd hear sound, S2 (dub), marks the end of systole (beginning of diastole). Related to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.

What causes fixed splitting of S2?

S2 is normally split because the aortic valve (A2) closes before the pulmonary valve (P2). The closing pressure (the diastolic arterial pressure) on the left is 80 mmHg as compared to only 10 mmHg on the right. This higher closing pressure leads to earlier closure of the aortic valve.