What is a phosphoric acid ester?
What is a phosphoric acid ester?
The esters of phosphoric acid are especially important in biochemistry. A phosphoric acid molecule can form a monoalkyl, a dialkyl, or a trialkyl ester by reaction with one, two, or three molecules of an alcohol. Phosphate esters are also important structural constituents of phospholipids and nucleic acids.
Is phosphoric acid a surfactant?
Since phosphoric acid (PA) is tribasic, it can form two anionic esters: a dibasic, monoalkyl ester (MAP) and a monobasic dialkyl ester (DAP). Consequently, phosphate esters are stable and active surfactants over a wide pH range and, in water at physiological pH, the MAP and PA can serve as buffers.
What is phosphate ester base?
Phosphate esters are the most fire resistant of the non-aqueous synthetic basestocks in common use. Their high ignition temperatures, excellent oxidation stability and very low vapor pressures make them difficult to burn, while their low heats of combustion result in self-extinguishing fluids.
What are phosphate esters prepared from?
Historically, phosphate esters have been prepared by the reaction of alcohols with phosphoric anhydride or polyphosphoric acid. The titled esters are the subject of increased interest, especially in low-irritation surfactant formulations.
What is the difference between phosphate and phosphoric acid?
Phosphate is a chemical derivative of the phosphoric acid, containing the phosphate ion (PO3−4). The phosphate ion can form a variety of different salts. Formally, any salt of a phosphorus oxoacid is a phosphate. The phosphate ion is a polyatomic ion with a tetrahedral arrangement of the atoms.
Is phosphate phosphoric acid?
phosphoric acid, also called orthophosphoric acid, (H3PO4), the most important oxygen acid of phosphorus, used to make phosphate salts for fertilizers. It is also used in dental cements, in the preparation of albumin derivatives, and in the sugar and textile industries.
What are cationic agents?
Cationic Surfactants. Cationic surfactants have a positive charge on their hydrophilic end. The positive charge makes them useful in anti-static products, like fabric softeners. Cationic surfactants can also serve as antimicrobial agents, so they are often used in disinfectants.
What is a surfactant cleaner?
Surfactants—short for “surface active agents”—are the foaming agents in your cleaning products that create the suds necessary to reduce (or eliminate) the surface tension between water and whatever it is you’re attempting to clean.
Why are phosphate esters used as energy storage?
They are biochemical intermediates in the transformation of food into usable energy. The bonds between phosphate units in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are called phosphoanhydride bonds. These are high-energy bonds that store energy from the metabolism of foods.
What do phosphate esters do?
Phosphate ester flame retardants are human-made chemicals added to consumer and industrial products for the purpose of reducing flammability. Phosphate ester flame retardants are composed of a group of chemicals with similar properties but slightly different structures.
What is the difference between phosphate and phosphate?
Definition. Phosphorus: Phosphorus is a multi-valent nonmetal chemical element of the VA group. Phosphate: Phosphate is a chemical derivative of the phosphoric acid, containing the phosphate ion (PO3−4). Formally, any salt of a phosphorus oxoacid is a phosphate.
