What is an outflow tract?
What is an outflow tract?
A ventricular outflow tract is a portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries.
What is outflow obstruction?
Abstract. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a complex congenital cardiac defect that interferes with the ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta.
What causes the murmur in tetralogy of Fallot?
The child or adolescent with repaired tetralogy of Fallot This is often a combination of a systolic ejection murmur due to residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (i.e., subpulmonary or pulmonary valve stenosis) and a diastolic murmur due to pulmonary regurgitation.
How tetralogy of Fallot develop?
Tetralogy of Fallot (pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh) is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. It happens when a baby’s heart does not form correctly as the baby grows and develops in the mother’s womb during pregnancy.
What is a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction?
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a recognised feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is caused by the thickened heart muscle and the abnormal movement of the mitral valve. This is the main mechanism of debilitating symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.
What are four defects with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four congenital heart defects. The four defects are a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy). They usually result in a lack of oxygen-rich blood reaching the body.
Which syndrome is associated with tetralogy of Fallot?
Children with tetralogy of Fallot are more likely to have chromosome disorders, such as Down syndrome, Alagille syndrome, and DiGeorge syndrome (a condition that causes heart defects, low calcium levels, and poor immune function).
Why does squatting help with tetralogy of Fallot?
Squatting is a compensatory mechanism, of diagnostic significance, and highly typical of infants with tetralogy of Fallot. Squatting increases peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and thus decreases the magnitude of the right-to-left shunt across the ventricular septal defect (VSD).
