What is cardiomyocyte hypertrophy?

What is cardiomyocyte hypertrophy?

Cardiac hypertrophy is the abnormal enlargement, or thickening, of the heart muscle, resulting from increases in cardiomyocyte size and changes in other heart muscle components, such as extracellular matrix.

Is eccentric hypertrophy good?

Eccentric hypertrophy is generally regarded as healthy, or physiologic hypertrophy and is often termed “athlete’s heart.” It is the normal response to healthy exercise or pregnancy, which results in an increase in the heart’s muscle mass and pumping ability.

What is eccentric hypertrophy?

Concentric hypertrophy is associated with increased left ventricular wall thickness whereas eccentric hypertrophy is characterized by dilatation of the left ventricular chamber; however, there occurs a general increase in the overall size of cardiomyocytes under both conditions.

Is cardiac hypertrophy good?

While hypertrophy can eventually normalize wall tension, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome and threatens affected patients with sudden death or progression to overt heart failure.

How does cardiomyocyte hypertrophy occur?

At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell size, enhanced protein synthesis, and heightened organization of the sarcomere [8,9]. Mechanical stress is thought to induce a hypertrophic response downstream of mechanosensitive molecules.

Does hypertrophy cause cell death?

Cardiac Hypertrophy Hypertrophy may be adaptive, as with increased exercise, or maladaptive or pathological as with xenobiotic injury. Cell death, if extensive, is followed by compensatory hypertrophy of remaining myocytes but is frequently accompanied by fibrosis and often manifests as dilated cardiomyopathy.

Does eccentric hypertrophy cause heart failure?

But as the disease progresses, it will lead to the development of systolic or diastolic dysfunction and end-stage heart failure. Increased myocardial oxygen demand eccentric hypertrophy may result in angina or ischemic symptoms.

Can high blood pressure cause left ventricular hypertrophy?

Factors that can cause your heart to work harder include: High blood pressure (hypertension). This is the most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy. More than one-third of people show evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy at the time of their diagnosis with hypertension.

Why does eccentric hypertrophy happen?

Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy is induced by an increased filling pressure of the left ventricle, otherwise known as diastolic overload, which represents the underlying mechanism for volumetric or diastolic overload in patients with regurgitant valve lesions such as aortic or mitral regurgitation as well as in …

Is hypertrophy good for size?

Hypertrophy is one part of the muscle-enhancing process that happens within the body. This process not only increases the size of the muscle but also its strength and ability to withstand greater loads as well as protects it against soreness and damage caused by previous training.

Can muscular hypertrophy be a bad thing?

Most of the time, muscle hypertrophy is a good thing; it signals that your muscles are growing normally or responding normally to resistance-training exercise. Occasionally, hypertrophy can be harmful, especially in diseases of the cardiac muscle tissue.

Cardiac hypertrophy is also accompanied by qualitative changes, namely, changes in gene expression, which induce changes in metabolism, contractility, and cardiomyocyte survival. There are two types of hypertrophy: physiological and pathological (Fig. 1 ).

What are the two types of cardiac hypertrophy?

There are two types of hypertrophy, physiological and pathological, which differ in their underlying molecular mechanisms, cardiac phenotype, and prognosis. The type of hypertrophic stimuli and the nature of the downstream signalling mechanisms largely determine the fate of cardiac hypertrophy, which is either physiological or pathological.

How does hypertrophy of the heart increase contractility?

To accomplish this task in the presence of increased preload or afterload, the heart and the individual cardiomyocytes often undergo enlargement, a condition termed hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy increases contractility, at least initially, through the addition of sarcomere units in parallel.

Can hypertrophy of the heart be reversed?

After relief of the stimulus, physiological hypertrophy is reversed and the heart returns to its original dimensions.