What is chloramphenicol ointment used for?
What is chloramphenicol ointment used for?
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic. It’s mainly used to treat eye infections (such as conjunctivitis) and sometimes ear infections. Chloramphenicol comes as eye drops or eye ointment. These are available on prescription or to buy from pharmacies.
What bacteria does chloramphenicol treat?
PRESCRIBED FOR: Chloramphenicol treats various infections caused by susceptible strains of S. yphi, H. influenzae, E. coli, Neisseria species, Staphylococcus and Streptococcusspecies, Rickettsia, lymphogranuloma-psittacosis group of organisms, and other bacteria that cause bacteremia (bacteria in blood) and meningitis.
What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?
Common side effects of chloramphenicol include:
- not enough red blood cells produced (aplastic anemia)
- bone marrow suppression.
- diarrhea.
- inflammation of the small intestine and the colon (enterocolitis)
- accumulation of chloramphenicol especially in newborns (gray syndrome)
- headache.
- nausea.
- nightmares.
Can chloramphenicol treat a stye?
The majority of styes will go away within two to five days. My patient’s stye had not gone away, and it had got much more swollen, so I had to put him on some Augmentin antibiotics for five days and some local antibiotic ointment, Chloramphenicol four times a day onto the lid and just inside the lid margin.
Is chloramphenicol banned in USA?
Introduction. Chloramphenicol, a broad spectrum antibiotic, was first isolated from a soil sample in 1947. Chloramphenicol is no longer widely used in the United States because of the possibility of bone marrow aplasia.
Why is chloramphenicol effective?
Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis. It prevents protein chain elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome. It specifically binds to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation.
Should sulfadiazine be taken with food?
You should drink plenty of fluids and take sulfadiazine on an empty stomach.
What is the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase?
The UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: their role in drug metabolism and detoxification Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) exists as a superfamily of 22 proteins, which are divided into 5 families and 6 subfamilies on the basis of sequence identity.
What is the mechanism of action of glucuronosyl transferases?
Glucuronosyl transferases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid to acceptor molecules containing hydroxyl, phenol, carboxylic acid, thiol, or amine groups ( Mulder, 1992; Tukey and Strassburg, 2000 ). Kinetic studies have shown that these enzymes follow a random sequential mechanism.
What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis. It prevents protein chain elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome. It specifically binds to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation.
What is the peak and trough level of chloramphenicol?
Because efficacy and toxicity of chloramphenicol are associated with a maximum serum concentration, peak levels (one hour after the intravenous dose is given) should be 10–20 µg/ml with toxicity > 40 µg/ml; trough levels (taken immediately before a dose) should be 5–10 µg/ml.
