What is contralateral axilla?

What is contralateral axilla?

Involvement of the contralateral axilla is a manifestation of systemic disease (stage IV) or a regional metastasis from a new occult primary (T0N1, stage II). The uncertain laterality of the cancer responsible for these metastases complicates overall disease staging and is a management dilemma for clinicians.

What is ipsilateral axillary lymph node?

Internal mammary (ipsilateral): lymph nodes in the intercostal spaces along the edge of the sternum in the endothoracic fascia.

What is contralateral breast cancer?

Abstract. Metachronous contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is defined as a tumour in the opposite breast which was diagnosed more than 6 months following the detection of the first cancer.

Can breast cancer spread to lymph nodes on opposite side?

Conclusions. This case indicates that breast cancer can metastasize into inguinal lymph nodes, even to the contralateral side. The cause of the alterations of lymphatic pathways could be relevant to not only breast surgery, but also abdominal surgery.

What is axillary lymph node metastasis?

Axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is commonly the earliest detectable clinical manifestation of breast cancer when distant metastasis emerges. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of ALNM and develop models that can predict its occurrence preoperatively.

What does axillary lymph node drain?

The axillary lymph nodes, also known commonly as axillary nodes, are a group of lymph nodes in the axilla and receive lymph from vessels that drain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen.

Where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes?

Supraclavicular lymph nodes are lymph nodes found above the clavicle, that can be felt in the supraclavicular fossa. The supraclavicular lymph nodes on the left side are called Virchow’s nodes. It leads to an appreciable mass that can be recognized clinically, called Troisier sign.

What does contralateral mean in anatomy?

Definition of contralateral : occurring on or acting in conjunction with a part on the opposite side of the body.

How common is contralateral breast cancer?

Two to 11% of women diagnosed with breast cancer will develop contralateral breast cancer in their lifetime. Women with a first primary are at a 2–6-fold increased risk of developing contralateral breast cancer compared with the risk in the general population of women developing a first primary cancer.

What percentage of breast cancer spreads to lymph nodes?

Six percent (6%) of women have cancer that has spread outside of the breast and regional lymph nodes at the time they are first diagnosed with breast cancer. This is called “de novo” metastatic breast cancer.