What is etoposide made of?
What is etoposide made of?
Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin from the rhizome of the wild mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum). More specifically, it is a glycoside of podophyllotoxin with a D-glucose derivative.
What is the main skeletal molecule of etoposide?
Etoposide is a beta-D-glucoside, a furonaphthodioxole and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It derives from a podophyllotoxin and a 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin.
What is the mechanism of etoposide?
Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death.
Where is etoposide derived?
Etoposide derives from podophyllotoxin, a toxin found in the American Mayapple. It was first synthesized in 1966 and approved for cancer therapy in 1983 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Hande, 1998[25]).
What type of inhibitor is etoposide?
Drug type: Etoposide is an anti-cancer (“antineoplastic” or “cytotoxic”) chemotherapy drug. This medication is classified as a “plant alkaloid” and “topoisomerase II inhibitor.” (For more detail, see “How this drug works” section below).
Is etoposide platinum based?
The cornerstone of treatment for any stage of SCLC is etoposide-platinum based chemotherapy; in limited stage (LS), concomitant radiotherapy to thorax and mediastinum.
Is etoposide a vinca alkaloid?
Etoposide belongs to a class of chemotherapy drugs called plant alkaloids. Plant alkaloids are made from plants. The vinca alkaloids are made from the periwinkle plant (catharanthus rosea). The taxanes are made from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree (taxus).
How does etoposide induce apoptosis?
Low or high concentrations of etoposide have different effects on transcriptional regulation by p53. Tumor suppressor protein p53 plays an important role in DNA damage-induced apoptosis, at least partly by acting as a transcription factor to direct the expression of apoptotic mediators.
How does etoposide inhibit topoisomerase?
Etoposide kills cells by stabilizing a covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complex (known as the cleavage complex) that is a transient intermediate in the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II. Thus, etoposide converts topoisomerase II from an essential enzyme to a potent cellular toxin that fragments the genome.
Who invented etoposide?
Hartmann F. Stähelin, M.D. (20 October 1925 – 5 July 2011) was a Swiss pharmacologist with an outstanding record in basic and applied cancer and immunology research. He discovered two important drugs: etoposide and ciclosporin.
Do you lose your hair with etoposide?
This medicine often causes a temporary loss of hair. After treatment with etoposide has ended, normal hair growth should return.
What is etoposide made from?
Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin from the rhizome of the wild mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum). More specifically, it is a glycoside of podophyllotoxin with a D-glucose derivative.
What does etoposide do to DNA?
Possessing potent antineoplastic properties, etoposide binds to and inhibits topoisomerase II and its function in ligating cleaved DNA molecules, resulting in the accumulation of single- or double-strand DNA breaks, the inhibition of DNA replication and transcription, and apoptotic cell death.
What is the difference between podophyllotoxin and etoposide?
Etoposide is a semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.
What are the side effects of etoposide?
Nausea and vomiting are the principal adverse GI effects of etoposide, occuring in about 30-40% of patients receiving the drug. Other adverse GI effects of etoposide include abdominal pain, anorexia, and diarrhea, which have occurred in up to 7%, about 10-16%, and about 1-13% of patients, respectively.
