What is microvascular disease in diabetes?

What is microvascular disease in diabetes?

Definitions. Microvascular complications of diabetes are those long-term complications that affect small blood vessels. These typically include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.

What is the difference between microvascular and macrovascular disease?

Diabetic microvascular (involving small vessels, such as capillaries) and macrovascular (involving large vessels, such as arteries and veins) complications have similar etiologic characteristics.

Is nephropathy a microvascular disease?

The chronic complications of diabetes are traditionally classified as macro- or microvascular depending on the underlying pathophysiology. The microvascular triad of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy is unique to diabetes.

What causes microvascular damage in diabetes?

High glucose levels increase the flux of sugar molecules through the polyol pathway, which causes sorbitol accumulation in cells. Osmotic stress from sorbitol accumulation has been postulated as an underlying mechanism in the development of diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy.

What is nephropathy?

Nephropathy is the deterioration of kidney function. The final stage of nephropathy is called kidney failure, end-stage renal disease, or ESRD. According to the CDC, diabetes is the most common cause of ESRD.

What is a macrovascular disease?

Macrovascular disease: Disease of the large blood vessels, including the coronary arteries, the aorta, and the sizable arteries in the brain and in the limbs.

What is a macrovascular complication of diabetes?

Results: Macrovascular complications of T2DM include coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and sudden death, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in diabetic patients.

What is the most common microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes?

Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy ( Chapter 395) is a highly prevalent, pathognomonic, microvascular complication, eventually affecting more than 50% of patients with long-term diabetes, although it causes vision impairment less frequently.

What are the signs and symptoms of microvascular disease?

Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include:

• Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress.
• Discomfort in the left arm, jaw, neck, back or abdomen along with chest pain.
• Shortness of breath.
• Tiredness and lack of energy.

Is diabetic kidney disease the same as diabetic nephropathy?

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. It’s also called diabetic kidney disease. In the United States, about 1 in 3 people living with diabetes have diabetic nephropathy.

What is GFR test?

A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a blood test that checks how well your kidneys are working. Your kidneys have tiny filters called glomeruli. These filters help remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. A GFR test estimates how much blood passes through these filters each minute.

What are the signs and symptoms of macrovascular disease?

What are the microvascular complications of diabetes?

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes. Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication that can affect the peripheral retina, the macula, or both and is a leading cause of visual disability and blindness in people with diabetes.

What is micromicrovascular coronary disease (MCD)?

Microvascular Coronary disease (MCD) is the narrowing of the small blood vessels that branch off the coronary arteries and send oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. This decreases the amount of blood that goes to the heart muscle, which leads to chest pain (angina).

What is microvessel disease or small vessel heart disease?

This decreases the amount of blood that goes to the heart muscle, which leads to chest pain (angina). The condition is also called microvessel disease or small vessel heart disease. These narrowings are in arteries too small to see with routine coronary angiography during heart catheterization.

How can we prevent microvascular disease in diabetic patients?

Good blood glucose control improves microvascular disease and should be implemented early and maintained for the optimum length of time. Appropriate controls of blood pressure as well as dyslipidemia are extremely important in macrovascular disease prevention besides glycemic control.