What is placental cord insertion?

What is placental cord insertion?

A velamentous cord insertion is a rare pregnancy complication in which the umbilical cord is abnormally inserted into the placenta. In a normal gestational sac, the umbilical cord is inserted into the middle of the placenta (central insertion) and entirely enclosed in the amniotic sac.

What is VCI in pregnancy?

Introduction: A velamentous cord insertion (VCI) describes a peripheral umbilical cord insertion to the placenta with blood vessels from the cord traversing fetal membranes before reaching the placental margin. These vessels remain unprotected and exposed to pressure and injury during pregnancy and labor.

When the cord is inserted to the very edge of the placenta it is termed?

Central and eccentric insertions account for more than 90% of term placentas [1]. Marginal cord insertion (MCI) and velamentous cord insertions (VCI) are categorized as abnormal PCI [1]. In MCI, the cord inserts at the edge of the placenta, but still arises directly from the placental mass.

Where should the umbilical cord be positioned in the placenta?

Normally, the umbilical cord runs from the baby’s future bellybutton to the center of the placenta. If the insert site is slightly off the center, there’s no danger. But when the cord attaches near the edge or off the placenta entirely, as in around 10% of cases, there is danger to the baby.

What is circumvallate placenta?

Complete circumvallate placenta was defined as a placenta satisfying the following criteria: the chorionic plate, which is on the fetal side of the placenta, is smaller than the placental basal plate, which is located on the maternal side; the periphery is uncovered; and the fetal surface of such a placenta presents a …

What is circumvallate placenta in pregnancy?

Circumvallate placenta is a rare condition that occurs when the amnion and chorion fetal membranes of the placenta fold backward around the edges of the placenta. Sometimes, a doctor may discover a circumvallate placenta using an ultrasound. In other cases, they may not diagnose the condition until delivery.

Is marginal cord insertion the same as velamentous cord insertion?

A marginal cord insertion is where this distance is reduced to a minimum, but the insertion site is supported by very little placental tissue. Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord has been associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes [1]–[3].

Is velamentous cord insertion high risk?

Happily, the chances that this pregnancy complication can hurt your baby are very low. That said, velamentous cord insertion can increase the risk of preterm birth, a small-for-gestational-age baby, low Apgar score, and the need for a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth.

What does lakes in the placenta mean?

Placental lakes are enlarged spaces in the placenta filled with maternal blood. These spaces are also called intervillous spaces because they are found between the placental villi the finger-like projections of the placenta that contain fetal blood vessels .

Is marginal cord insertion the same as Velamentous cord insertion?

How serious is marginal cord insertion?

Marginal cord insertion leads to intrauterine growth retardation (due to a decrease in blood flow to the developing fetus), low birth weight, low Apgar score [7], preterm labor, and development of velamentous type [6, 8].

Is circumvallate placenta serious?

Circumvallate placenta is an abnormality of the placenta. It causes the membranes of the placenta to fold back around its edges. It can increase the chance of complications such as preterm delivery and placental abruption, as well as increasing the risk of neonatal death and an emergency cesarean.

What is a marginal cord insertion placenta?

Battledore placenta (Marginal cord insertion) is a condition in which the umbilical cord is inserted at or near the placental margin rather than in the center. The cord can be inserted as close to 2 cm from the edge of the placenta (velamentous cord insertion).

Can the umbilical cord be attached to the placenta?

In a marginal cord insertion, which occurs in 8.5% of pregnancies, the umbilical cord attaches to the side of the placenta instead of the central placental mass. So the umbilical cord is attached to the placenta in the wrong place. Why is that a problem if it is still attached?

What are the different types of umbilical cord insertions?

There are 4 different types of umbilical cord insertions to the placenta. Only two of these four types of umbilical cord insertion are considered to be abnormal: (1) marginal cord insertion and, (2) velamentous cord insertion. This page will focus on marginal cord insertion or MCI, which is the less dangerous of the 2 abnormal cord insertions.

What does the placenta attach to?

The placenta attaches to the uterine wall and allows metabolic exchange between the fetus and the mother. The placenta has both embryonic and maternal components. The embryonic portion comes from the outermost embryonic membrane. The maternal portion develops from the decidua basalis of the uterus.