What is pleiotropic drug resistance?
What is pleiotropic drug resistance?
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters are a group of membrane proteins belonging to the ABCG sub-family of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. GFP fusion and subcellular fractionation studies revealed that ABCG5/PDR5 is localized to the plasma membrane.
Are ABC transporters efflux?
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are efflux transporters found in all organisms. ABC transporters have been associated with drug resistance in several nematodes and parasitic arthropods.
How do microbes use ABC transporter?
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters couple ATP hydrolysis to the uptake and efflux of solutes across the cell membrane in bacteria and eukaryotic cells. In bacteria, these transporters are important virulence factors because they play roles in nutrient uptake and in secretion of toxins and antimicrobial agents.
What are multidrug transporters?
Multidrug transporters are important glycoproteins located in the cell membrane that actively transport small lipophilic molecules from one side of the cell membrane to the other, most often from the inside to the outside of a cell. They have important protective role yet may prove inconvenient in chemotherapy.
What is pleiotropic action?
Pleiotropic effects of a drug are actions other than those for which the agent was specifically developed. These effects may be related or unrelated to the primary mechanism of action of the drug, and they are usually unanticipated.
Where are ABC transporters located?
plasma membrane
The ABC transporters comprise a large and multifunctional family of structurally related membrane proteins that are located in the plasma membrane of the cells or in the membrane of various cellular organelles.
What are the ABC family of transporters?
ABC transporters often consist of multiple subunits, one or two of which are transmembrane proteins and one or two of which are membrane-associated AAA ATPases….ATP-binding cassette transporter.
| ABC Transporter, NBD | |
|---|---|
| PROSITE | PDOC00185 |
| SCOP2 | 1b0u / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| TCDB | 3.A.1 |
| OPM superfamily | 17 |
What are the three components of the ABC transporter system?
ABC transporters include nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2), transmembrane spanning domains (MSD1 and MSD2) and solute binding proteins (SBP1 and SBP2).
Which of the following are components of an ABC transporter?
Typically, an ABC transporter is composed of four parts: two membrane-integral domains each of which spans the membrane six times, and two ATP-hydrolyzing domains (referred to as ABC subunits/domains from hereon) [3].
What are pleiotropic genes Class 12?
When one single gene starts affecting multiple traits of living organisms, this phenomenon is known as pleiotropy. A mutation in a gene can result in pleiotropy. One example of pleiotropy is Marfan syndrome, a human genetic disorder affecting the connective tissues.
How many ABC transporters are there?
There are 48 ABC transporters in humans [8,9] and many of these have been shown to be responsible for or involved in disease states, including cystic fibrosis, Tangier disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, and cancer (see below).
