What is positive Bulbocavernosus reflex?
What is positive Bulbocavernosus reflex?
The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is a well-known somatic reflex that is useful for gaining information about the state of the sacral spinal cord segments. When present, it is indicative of intact spinal reflex arcs (S2–S4 spinal segments) with afferent and efferent nerves through the pudendal nerve.
How do you perform a Bulbocavernosus reflex test?
Procedure. The test involves monitoring internal/external anal sphincter contraction in response to squeezing the glans penis or clitoris, or tugging on an indwelling Foley catheter. This reflex can also be tested electrophysiologically, by stimulating the penis or vulva and recording from the anal sphincter.
Is the Bulbocavernosus reflex normal?
In the 16 cases with functional impotence, the BC reflexes were basically normal; but in 3 cases, the threshold of the reflex was significantly raised, and in 1 case a prolonged latency was observed.
Who discovered Bulbocavernosus reflex?
Bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) Bors and Blinn first described the BCR in 1959 [14], which is also known as clitoroanal [15], penilo-cavernosus [16], and Osinski reflex [17]. Blaivas et al.
Where is the Bulbocavernosus muscle?
perineum
bulbocavernosus muscle, also called Bulbospongiosus, a muscle of the perineum, the area between the anus and the genitals. In the male, it surrounds the bulb (the enlarged inner end of the structure that surrounds the urethra) of the penis and can be contracted to expel the last drops of urine or semen.
What does Bulbocavernosus mean?
bulbocavernosus muscle, also called Bulbospongiosus, a muscle of the perineum, the area between the anus and the genitals. In the male, it surrounds the bulb (the enlarged inner end of the structure that surrounds the urethra) of the penis and can be contracted to expel the last drops of urine or semen.
What is Brown Séquard syndrome?
Brown-Séquard syndrome is a rare spinal disorder that results from an injury to one side of the spinal cord in which the spinal cord is damaged but is not severed completely. It is usually caused by an injury to the spine in the region of the neck or back.
Do females have a Bulbospongiosus muscle?
Relations. In both sexes, the bulbospongiosus muscle is located in the superficial perineal space of perineum, anterior to the perineal body. In males, the muscle covers the bulb of penis and corpora cavernosa. In females, it is found on each side of vaginal orifice covering the bulbs of the vestibule.
Is Bulbospongiosus paired?
Anatomy. The penis is composed of the paired corpora cavernosa (erectile bodies) and the corpus spongiosum, the tissue that surrounds the urethra. Ejaculation is facilitated by the rhythmic contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles surrounding the corpus spongiosum in the bulbar region of the penis.
Where is Bulbocavernosus?
What does the bulbocavernosus reflex do?
The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is a well-known somatic reflex that is useful for gaining information about the state of the sacral spinal cord segments. When present, it is indicative of intact spinal reflex arcs (S2–S4 spinal segments) with afferent and efferent nerves through the pudendal nerve.
What is the bulbocavernosus test?
The bulbocavernosus reflex is the most frequently used sacral reflex test and typically involves electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve with recording of the subsequent motor response in the bulbocavernosus muscle.20 Both the afferent and efferent responses of this reflex travel via the pudendal nerve.
What happens if there is no bulbocavernosus reflex in cervical cord injury?
Image source: health-7.com When there is a cervical or thoracic cord injury, it is likely that absence of the bulbocavernosus reflex or negative reflex would be a result and would also signify presence of spinal shock and injury. The spinal shock may progress but then may resolve within 48 hours after injury.
What is the bulbocavernosus contraction?
The BCR consists of the contraction of the bulbocavernosus muscle in response to squeezing the glans penis or clitoris, and is mediated through the pudendal nerve.
