What is the most common brain herniation?
What is the most common brain herniation?
Subfalcine hernia, also known as midline shift or cingulate hernia, is the most common type of cerebral hernia. It is generally caused by unilateral frontal, parietal, or temporal lobe disease that creates a mass effect with medial direction, pushing the ipsilateral cingulate gyrus down and under the falx cerebri.
What is cerebral herniation?
A cerebral herniation or brain herniation is a serious medical condition that happens when brain tissues move from one part of the brain to another adjacent part of the brain. It is usually caused when another condition causes swelling or pressure inside the brain.
How does Supratentorial herniation differ from infratentorial herniation?
There are two major classes of herniation: supratentorial and infratentorial. Supratentorial refers to herniation of structures normally found above the tentorial notch, and infratentorial refers to structures normally found below it.
What are the types of herniation?
Brain herniation is classified as follows:
- Subfalcine herniation.
- Transalar (transsphenoidal) herniation.
- Transtentorial uncal herniation.
- Central (trans-tentorial) herniation (descending and ascending)
- Cerebellar tonsillar herniation.
- Transcalvarial herniation.
What can cause a brain herniation?
Brain herniation occurs when something inside the skull produces pressure that moves brain tissues. This is most often the result of brain swelling or bleeding from a head injury, stroke, or brain tumor.
What is the Supratentorial?
The supratentorial area (the upper part of the brain) contains the cerebrum, lateral ventricle and third ventricle (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), choroid plexus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The skull and meninges protect the brain and spinal cord (left panel).
What is intracranial pressure?
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is defined as the pressure within the craniospinal compartment, a closed system that comprises a fixed volume of neural tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What are the different types of brain herniation?
Drawings depict different kinds of brain herniation. ATH = ascending transtentorial hernia, DTH = descending transtentorial hernia. Figure 1b.
What is the imaging spectrum for cerebral hernia?
Cerebral herniation is a potentially life-threatening condition that needs to be diagnosed promptly. The imaging spectrum can range from subtle changes to clear displacement of brain structures. The radiologist should be able to identify the main imaging features of the brain herniation subtypes.
What is the pathophysiology of brain hernia?
Brain herniation may cause brain pressure necrosis, compress cranial nerves and vessels causing hemorrhage or ischemia, and obstruct the normal circulation of CSF, producing hydrocephalus. Therefore, each type of hernia may be associated with a specific neurologic syndrome.
What imaging features should a radiologist look for in herniation?
The radiologist should be able to identify the main imaging features of the brain herniation subtypes. The skull is a rigid vault-shaped structure containing three main components: brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. It is compartmentalized by bony landmarks and inelastic dural reflections ( 1 ).
