What is the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a frequently encountered problem in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its pathophysiology is mainly due to hyperphosphatemia and vitamin D deficiency and resistance. This condition has a high impact on the mortality and morbidity of dialysis patients.
Which of the following characteristic biochemical abnormalities is seen in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by hypercalcemia and elevated or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. PHPT results from excessive secretion of PTH from one or more of the parathyroid glands.
What does Normocalcemic mean?
Medical Definition of normocalcemia : the presence of a normal concentration of calcium in the blood.
Why is serum phosphate high in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
A positive feedback loop leads to increased bone resorption (bone is broken down in an attempt to regulate abnormal levels of these chemicals) and hyperphosphatemia (high levels of phosphates in the blood), which causes further secondary hyperparathyroidism.
What are lab values for hyperparathyroidism?
98% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have high blood calcium, above 10.0 mg/dl in adults over 40 years of age, and above 10.5 for young people. High blood calcium is almost always caused by hyperparathyroidism. Two percent with primary hyperparathyroidism will have normal calcium levels.
How is Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism treated?
The treatment of choice in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroidectomy. Patients with normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism also benefit from removal of the parathyroid glands.
What tests are done for parathyroid disease?
Your doctor may diagnose parathyroid disease using blood tests. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, bone densitometry, body CT and/or body MRI may be used to assess any complications from the disease. Treatment options include surgery, medication, dietary supplements and monitoring.
How dangerous is hyperparathyroidism?
In very severe cases of hyperparathyroidism, high calcium levels can lead to rapid kidney failure, loss of consciousness, coma, or serious life-threatening heart rhythm abnormalities. But hyperparathyroidism is usually diagnosed at an early stage in the UK, and these complications are extremely rare.
What problems result from hyperparathyroidism?
Two types of hyperparathyroidism exist. In primary hyperparathyroidism, an enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes overproduction of the hormone, resulting in high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause a variety of health problems.
Can hyperparathyroidism make you gain weight?
Hyperparathyroidism usually causes weight loss due to loss of appetite. It does not cause weight gain. Hyperparathyroidism usually causes weight loss due to loss of appetite.
