What is the proximal of the humerus?

What is the proximal of the humerus?

The proximal humerus consists of the humeral head, anatomical neck, greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, surgical neck, and proximal shaft. Fractures of the proximal humerus (Box 4-8) are associated with osteoporosis. The majority of fractures are the result of indirect forces such as a fall onto an outstretched arm.

Is the proximal humerus the shoulder?

The proximal humerus is the upper end of the arm bone that forms the shoulder joint. The humerus is broadly divided into the head, neck and shaft region. Just below the head are two processes called the greater and lesser tubercles, which form the sites of attachment for the rotator cuff muscles.

Where is a proximal humeral fracture?

A proximal humerus fracture usually occurs close to the shoulder joint and can be located at different levels with different fracture patterns: simple or comminuted. A humerus shaft fracture, on the other hand, is one that is localized at the mid portion of the upper arm.

Where is the acromion process?

scapula
The acromion (plural: acromia), also known as the acromial process, is a small projection of the scapula that extends anteriorly from the spine of the scapula.

How is proximal humerus fracture diagnosed?

Proximal humerus fractures are diagnosed by a thorough physical examination and diagnostic imaging. An x-ray is often taken to confirm the fracture.

What is the acromion attached to?

The acromion process is attached to the scapular spine, and it works with the coracoid process of the scapula to form a solid and stable shoulder joint.

What is the purpose of the acromion?

The spine and fossae give attachment to muscles that act in rotating the arm. The spine ends in the acromion, a process that articulates with the clavicle, or collarbone, in front and helps form the upper part of the shoulder socket.

What is the anatomy of the proximal humerus?

The proximal humerus comprises the humeral head, lesser and greater tuberosities, and proximal shaft. Proximal humeral fractures may occur between one or all of the four major segments. The bicipital groove separates the lesser and greater tuberosities. The anatomic neck of the humerus is at the junction of the humeral head and the tuberosities.

Does a proximal humerus fracture require surgery?

Treatment of A Proximal Humerus Fracture In most cases, a proximal humerus fracture will not require surgery. Nearly 80% are undisplaced or only minimal displaced and therefore non-operative treatment is appropriate.

What is lesser tuberosity of humerus?

The lesser tuberosity is the site of insertion of the subscapularis muscle. The four parts of the proximal humerus are common sites of fractures, especially in older patients with osteopenic bone, and form the basis for the Neer classification of proximal humerus fractures.

What is a displaced fracture of the humerus called?

When the bone is not in proper alignment, the fracture is called displaced. In proximal humerus fractures, the severity is often described by how many of the major parts of the proximal humerus fracture are displaced.