What is triangulation Denzin?

What is triangulation Denzin?

Fusch & Ness, 2015). Denzin (1989) noted that triangulation involves the employment of multiple external data collection. methods concerning the same events may be enhanced by multiple external analysis methods. Triangulation is one method by which the researcher analyzes data and then presents the results to.

What is Confirmability in qualitative research?

Confirmability The degree to which the findings of the research study could be confirmed by other researchers. Confirmability is concerned with establishing that data and interpretations of the findings are not figments of the inquirerTs imagination, but clearly derived from the data.

What is investigator triangulation in qualitative research?

Investigator triangulation involves using several different investigators/evaluators in an evaluation project. In order to triangulate, each different evaluator would study the program using the same qualitative method (interview, observation, case study, or focus groups).

What is an example of triangulation in research?

First, data triangulation involves using multiple sources of data in an investigation. In a research study examining hospital staff morale, for example, interviews with medical personnel might be compared and cross-checked with staff surveys and records of focus groups consisting of hospital employees.

How do you show Confirmability in qualitative research?

There are a number of strategies for enhancing confirmability. The researcher can document the procedures for checking and rechecking the data throughout the study. Another researcher can take a “devil’s advocate” role with respect to the results, and this process can be documented.

Why is Confirmability important in qualitative research?

The confirmability criterion of Trustworthiness may be the easiest one to establish, as it is just a matter of about explaining the decisions that are being made in the research process. These details can help provide valuable insight for readers to understand how the themes emerged from the data.

What is data triangulation give an example?

Data triangulation involves the use of heterogeneous data sources, for example, qualitative and quantitative. Alternatively data may be gathered (using the same method) from different sources or at different times, for example, the pre-‐ and post-‐use of a questionnaire.

What is data triangulation in quantitative research?

Data triangulation is where the researcher uses two or more methods for the verification of the findings and results. Data triangulation is also called cross examination because it double or even triple checks the results obtained from the research.

What is triangulation in qualitative and quantitative research?

Triangulation is a technique to analyze results of the same study using different methods of data collection. It is used for three main purposes: to enhance validity, to create a more in-depth picture of a research problem, and to interrogate different ways of understanding a research problem.

What is Denzin’s triangulation theory?

Writing from a symbolic interactionist perspective, Denzin argued in his 1978 text that “triangulation, or the use of multiple methods, is a plan of action that will raise sociologists above the personalistic biases that stem from single methodologies” (p. 294).

What are the types of triangulation in qualitative research?

Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: (a) method triangulation, (b) investigator triangulation, (c) theory triangulation, and (d) data source triangulation.

Is Denzin a sociologist?

In this text, Denzin clearly situates his work in the field of sociology, employing principles of symbolic interactionist theory. In the decades since publication of this book, it is Denzin’s text that is a frequent citation for “triangulation” as an indicator for “quality” in qualitative inquiry.

Is triangulation postpositivist?

Introduced in the social sciences in the 1950s (Campbell and Fiske, 1959), then heavily criticized in the 1980s (see Silverman, 1985; Lincoln and Guba, 1985; Guba and Lincoln, 1989) and in the 1990s (Flick, 2004, 2007), triangulation is a postpositivist methodological strategy.