What is urban underground space?
What is urban underground space?
Abstract. Urban Underground Space as a valuable resource, a space for placing structures and infrastructure, as well as a source of groundwater and geothermal energy. Development of Urban Underground Space has been accelerating rapidly in many major cities.
Why is it necessary to use underground space in urban areas?
The world-wide trend of increased urbanisation creates problems for expanding and newly-developing cities alike. The use of underground space can help cities meet these increased demands while remaining compact, or find the space needed to include new functions in an existing city landscape.
What specific problems are related to the lack of urban space?
Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential in managing these and other difficulties as the world’s urban areas swell.
Why is underground important?
Tunnels provide safe, environmentally sound, fast, and unobtrusive urban mass transit systems. City traffic tunnels clear vehicles from surface streets, traffic noise is reduced, air becomes less polluted and the surface street areas may partially be used for other purposes.
How is groundwater estimated?
The water table fluctuation method (WTF) is basically performed by estimating the specific yield for an area of fluctuation of the groundwater level (Healy 2010). Another method of estimating groundwater recharge is the recession curve displacement method (Rorabaugh Method).
How groundwater is useful?
Groundwater supplies drinking water for 51% of the total U.S. population and 99% of the rural population. 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to grow crops. Groundwater is an important component in many industrial processes. Groundwater is a source of recharge for lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
Why urban development is important?
By getting urban development right, cities can create jobs and offer better livelihoods; increase economic growth; improve social inclusion; promote the decoupling of living standards and economic growth from environmental resource use; protect local and regional ecosystems; reduce both urban and rural poverty; and …
What are the major negative impacts of urban expansion?
Although some would argue that urban sprawl has its benefits, such as creating local economic growth, urban sprawl has many negative consequences for residents and the environment, such as higher water and air pollution, increased traffic fatalities and jams, loss of agricultural capacity, increased car dependency.
What is urban infrastructure development?
Overview. Urban infrastructure development is the foundation of every city and remains the key to ensuring basic services like water, sanitation, drainage, energy, and transport.
What is the importance of urban development?
