What led to formation of schmalkaldic league?
What led to formation of schmalkaldic league?
It was created in response to the threat (1530) by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to stamp out Lutheranism. In an effort to crush the independence of the states of the empire and to restore unity to the Roman Catholic Church, Charles initiated the so-called Schmalkaldic War against the league.
Who was in the Protestant League?
Six of them—the elector Palatine of the Rhine, the dukes of Neuburg and Württemberg, and the margraves of Baden-Durlach, Ansbach, and Kulmbach—then gathered in the secularized monastery at Auhausen, near Nördlingen in southern Germany, and on May 14 they formed a defensive union for 10 years, pledging mutual support in …
When did the schmalkaldic league end?
Schmalkaldic War
| Date | 10 July 1546 – 23 May 1547 |
|---|---|
| Location | Holy Roman Empire |
| Result | Imperial-Spanish victory Capitulation of Wittenberg: Schmalkaldic League dissolved, Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin |
Who won the Schmalkaldic War?
emperor Charles V
The Schmalkaldic War (fought between July 1546 and April 1547) was a short-lived military victory by the Holy Roman emperor Charles V (ruled 1519–1556) over the forces of the Lutheran princes and cities of the Schmalkaldic League (1531–1547).
What ended schmalkaldic wars?
July 10, 1546 – May 23, 1547
Schmalkaldic War/Periods
What are the Lutheran princes?
The Italian War of 1536–38 between France and the Holy Roman Empire ended in 1538 with the Truce of Nice. The final war during that period Charles fought against France, the Italian War of 1542–46, ended with inconclusive results and the Treaty of Crépy.
Who was in the schmalkaldic league?
Established in February 1531 at Schmalkalden, Germany, the league was led by Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse and John Frederick I of Saxony. Among its other original members were Brunswick, Anhalt, and the cities of Mansfeld, Magdeburg, Bremen, Strassburg, and Ulm.
Why was France in the Protestant League?
No longer able to tolerate the encirclement of two major Habsburg powers on its borders, Catholic France entered the Thirty Years’ War on the side of the Protestants to counter the Habsburgs and bring the war to an end.
Who did the schmalkaldic League ally themselves with?
Fearing that the league would ally itself with his enemy, Francis I of France, the emperor Charles V was forced to grant it de facto recognition until 1544, when he made peace with Francis. He then began military operations against the league in 1546—the War of Schmalkald—and effectively defeated it in 1547.
Who did the schmalkaldic League ally with?
The Schmalkaldic League (English: /ʃmɔːlˈkɔːldɪk/; German: Schmalkaldischer Bund; Medieval Latin: Foedus Smalcaldicum or Liga Smalcaldica) was a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century.
What are three legacies of the Reformation?
The three legacies of the reformation is that the Roman catholic church became more unified, Protestants gave more emphasis to the role of education in promoting their beliefs, and individual monarchs and states gained power, which led to the development to modern nation-states.
What does Schmalkaldic League stand for?
The Schmalkaldic League (English: /ʃmɔːlˈkɔːldɪk/; German: Schmalkaldischer Bund; Latin: Foedus Smalcaldicum) was a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century.
What happened in the Schmalkaldic League of 1531?
1531 – The Schmalkaldic League is formed by a small group of Lutheran princes and cities, to defend themselves against attacks on their religion. 1532 – External pressures force the Emperor to decree the ‘Peace of Nuremberg’. Lutherans are to be temporarily tolerated. 1534 – Restoration of Duke Ulrich to his Duchy by the League.
How did Charles VIII get rid of the Schmalkaldic League?
Charles took the initiative in July 1546 by outlawing two of the leading members of the Schmalkaldic League of German Protestant princes, Philip of Hesse (whose bigamous marriage had already caused embarrassment to Luther) and the Elector of Saxony, John Frederick, and placing them under the Ban of the Empire.
How did the Schmalkaldic League end Protestantism?
In 1548, the victorious Charles forced the Schmalkaldic League to agree to the terms set forth in the Augsburg Interim. However, by the 1550s, Protestantism had established itself too firmly within Central Europe to be ended by brute force.
