What produces the spores of a fern?
What produces the spores of a fern?
In ferns, the multicellular sporophyte is what is commonly recognized as a fern plant. On the underside of the fronds are sporangia. Within the sporangia are spore producing cells called sporogenous cells. These cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.
How many spores develop in Basidia?
four
A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight. In a typical basidium, each basidiospore is borne at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (pl. sterigmata), and is forcibly discharged upon maturity.
Where are the spores produced in ferns?
The fern life cycle Mature plants produce spores on the underside of the leaves. When these germinate they grow into small heart-shaped plants known as prothalli. Male and female cells are produced on these plants and after fertilisation occurs the adult fern begins to develop.
Do hyphae produce spores?
When the mycelium of a fungus reaches a certain stage of growth, it begins to produce spores either directly on the somatic hyphae or, more often, on special sporiferous (spore-producing) hyphae, which may be loosely arranged or grouped into intricate structures called fruiting bodies, or sporophores.
What are spores in ferns?
Fern spores are the tiny genetic bases for new plants. They are found contained in a casing, called sporangia, and grouped into bunches, called sori, on the underside of the leaves. Spores look like little dots and may be harvested for fern spore propagation by the intrepid gardener.
What do basidia produce?
The basidia are Tremella-like and produce epibasidia and basidiospores. The latter are ballistospores which germinate to form a haploid yeast state.
Where are basidia found?
Gilled mushrooms have basidia located on the gills on the underside of the cap. The spores are dropped from the gills when mature. In boletes, the basidia are located in tubes within the flesh of the cap of the mushroom. The spores are released through pores in the surface of the underside of the cap.
Where are the spores produced?
Spores are most conspicuous in the non-seed-bearing plants, including liverworts, hornworts, mosses, and ferns. In these lower plants, as in fungi, the spores function much like seeds. In general, the parent plant sheds the spores locally; the spore-generating organs are frequently located on the undersides of leaves.
What types of spores are produced by fungi?
Fungi
- Sporangiospores: spores produced by a sporangium in many fungi such as zygomycetes.
- Zygospores: spores produced by a zygosporangium, characteristic of zygomycetes.
- Ascospores: spores produced by an ascus, characteristic of ascomycetes.
- Basidiospores: spores produced by a basidium, characteristic of basidiomycetes.
What are spores on ferns?
What generation is a fern with spores?
One generation is diploid, meaning it carries two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell or the full genetic complement (like a human cell). The leafy fern with spores is part of the diploid generation, called the sporophyte . A fern’s spores don’t grow into leafy sporophyte. They aren’t like seeds of flowering plants.
What is the function of sporangia in ferns?
Spores are encased in structures called sporangia, which sometimes clump together to form a sorus (plural sori). In some ferns, sporangia are protected by membranes called indusia. In other ferns, the sporangia are exposed to air.
How many spores does a basidia produce?
Basidia produce one set of spores, which to my knowledge can range from 1 to 8 (e.g. Corticiaceae). You sometimes find odd-numbered spores, but the spores are generally produced in pairs.
Where are basidiospores found in mushrooms?
Spores, called basidiospores are produced on basidia within the basidiocarps. In mushrooms, the basidia are located along the gills on the underside of the cap. In figure 6, a portion of the cap of this mushroom has been broken away to reveal the gills.
