What type of disease is Leptospirosis in dogs?

What type of disease is Leptospirosis in dogs?

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that causes serious illness in dogs, other animals, and people. The disease is caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called leptospires that live in water or warm, wet soil. Initial signs of leptospirosis include fever, lethargy, and lack of appetite.

What are types of Leptospira are known?

The causal bacteria are leptospires, spirochetes that are members of the genus Leptospira, comprising at least 8 pathogenic species, with others yet to be formally published. The current main species names are borgpetersenii, fainei, inadai, interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii, santarosai, and weilii.

How many species of Leptospira are there?

Leptospira, together with the genera Leptonema and Turneria, is a member of the family Leptospiraceae. The genus Leptospira is divided into 20 species based on DNA hybridization studies. Members of Leptospira are also grouped into serovars according to their antigenic relatedness.

What species of Leptospira causes Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira.

How many strains of leptospirosis are there in dogs?

There are over 250 strains of the disease, many of which affect dogs. Currently we can vaccinate against four of these strains. The disease has become much more prevalent in the past 10 years and is on the rise.

What is canine lepto vaccine?

The leptospirosis vaccine is a non-core vaccine, which means it is an optional vaccine that dogs can benefit from based on risk for exposure to the disease. Veterinarians will recommend this vaccine based on a dog’s lifestyle and reasonable exposure risk.

Is Parvo a zoonotic?

Canine parvovirus is not zoonotic. However, people in areas with a greater amount of parvo in dogs may also face elevated risk for exposure to zoonotic diseases because of the lack of veterinary care. Effective vaccination against canine parvovirus has been a standard part of veterinary preventative care for decades.

Is distemper a zoonotic disease?

Contagion and Zoonosis Viral transmission is most commonly by airborne and droplet exposure. Direct contact with exudates (conjunctival and nasal), urine, feces, and skin can also be a source of transmission. Fomites have been implicated in transmission. CDV is not a zoonotic disease.

Can dogs get leptospirosis from cats?

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution affecting most mammalian species. Clinical leptospirosis is common in dogs but appears to be rare in cats. Both dogs and cats, however, can shed leptospires in the urine. This is problematic as it can lead to exposure of humans.

How many cases of leptospirosis are there in the US?

• It is estimated that more than 1 million cases occur worldwide annually, including almost 60,000 deaths. • In the United States, approximately 100–150 leptospirosis cases are reported annually. Puerto Rico reports the majority of leptospirosis cases, followed by Hawaii.

What is the prognosis of leptospirosis during pregnancy?

• Leptospirosis during pregnancy can cause fetal complications including fetal death or abortion. • The case fatality rate for leptospirosis is approximately 5%–15% among patients with severe illness. Among patients with severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome, the case fatality rate can exceed 50%. Treatment

What is the initial treatment for leptospirosis?

Treatment. Early treatment may decrease the severity and duration of disease. In patients with a high clinical suspicion of leptospirosis, initiating antibiotic treatment as soon as possible without waiting for laboratory results is recommended.