What type of receptor is PPAR?

What type of receptor is PPAR?

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis.

What is the function of PPARs?

PPARs are members of the supergene family of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular intermediary metabolism and inflammation.

Is PPAR a transcription factor?

PPARs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones, retinoids and vitamin D that control the expression of a large number of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and in the regulation of cell proliferation.

What does Pparg regulate?

PPARG regulates fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. The genes activated by PPARG stimulate lipid uptake and adipogenesis by fat cells.

What activates PPAR alpha?

PPAR-α is primarily activated through ligand binding. Synthetic ligands include the fibrate drugs, which are used to treat hyperlipidemia, and a diverse set of insecticides, herbicides, plasticizers, and organic solvents collectively referred to as peroxisome proliferators.

What are the benefits of PPAR?

Treatment with PPAR agonists can reduce the burden of atherogenic postprandial lipoproteins and improve vascular function, reduce inflammation and inhibit foam cell formation. All of these would be expected to have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk.

What does PPAR Delta do?

PPAR-δ regulates important cellular metabolic functions that contribute to maintaining energy balance. PPAR-δ is especially important in regulating fatty acid uptake, transport, and β-oxidation as well as insulin secretion and sensitivity.

What is a PPAR response element?

Activated PPARs form a heterodimeric DNA binding complex with retinoid X receptor and subsequently bind to a specific recognition site, termed a PPAR response element (PPRE) located in the promoter of target genes. The PPRE is composed of a direct repeat of a consensus six-base (AGGTCA) half site separated by one base, typically A or T [17].

What is the biological function of PPARs?

Physiological function. All PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes. These DNA sequences are termed PPREs (peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements ). The DNA consensus sequence is AGGTCANAGGTCA, with N being any nucleotide.

Where does the RXR bind to the PPAR?

In general, this sequence occurs in the promoter region of a gene, and, when the PPAR binds its ligand, transcription of target genes is increased or decreased, depending on the gene. The RXR also forms a heterodimer with a number of other receptors (e.g., vitamin D and thyroid hormone ).

What is the consensus sequence for PPARs?

All PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes. These DNA sequences are termed PPREs (peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements). The DNA consensus sequence is AGGTCANAGGTCA, with N being any nucleotide.