Which catalyst is used in FCC?
Which catalyst is used in FCC?
A modern FCC catalyst has four major components: crystalline zeolite, matrix, binder, and filler. Zeolite is the active component and can comprise from about 15 to 50 weight percent of the catalyst. Faujasite (aka Type Y) is the zeolite used in FCC units.
What is a catalyst binder?
Introduction. In most commercial catalysts, a binder (e.g. synthetic material, such as silica and alumina or natural clay, such as kaolin, kaolinite etc.) is used to provide the catalyst necessary mechanical strength and/or resistance towards attrition loss.
What is importance of FCC and hydrocracker unit in a refinery?
In a refinery, the hydrocracker upgrades VGO through cracking while injecting hydrogen. This yields a high volume of high-quality diesel and kerosene product. This is in contrast to the FCC, which uses the same feed (VGO) but produces more and better-quality gasoline.
How does FCC catalyst work?
The FCC uses the catalyst and heat to break apart the large molecules of gas oil into the smaller molecules that make up gasoline, distillate, and other higher-value products like butane and propane. The coke on the spent catalyst is burned off, which reheats the catalyst to add heat to the FCC process.
What is FCC refinery?
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is an important oil refinery process, since this process converts heavy petroleum fractions into lighter hydrocarbon products inside a reactor. In an attempt to maximize production and improve operating efficiency, a comprehensive analysis of a FCC unit regenerator has increased.
What does a FCC do in a refinery?
In refining, the FCC is the most common unit used to upgrade heavier distillation cuts to light products. The FCC takes VGO and similar intermediate streams and cracks them using heat in the presence of a catalyst. The primary product is FCC gasoline, which is used in gasoline product blending.
Why is FCC important?
What is required for catalytic cracking?
The catalytic cracking process involves the presence of solid acid catalysts, usually silica-alumina and zeolites. The catalysts promote the formation of carbocations, which undergo processes of rearrangement and scission of C-C bonds.
What does zeolite look like?
Zeolites are crystalline solids structures made of silicon, aluminum and oxygen that form a framework with cavities and channels inside where cations, water and/or small molecules may reside. They are often also referred to as molecular sieves.
Why are FCC rings so reliable?
Reliability is one of the most important attributes of any mechanical feature inside an FCC unit. Since they are circular, rings have the simplest geometry and most easily accommodate thermal expansion. They do not have cantilevered arms, such as the pipe grid, which can experience cyclic oscillations and fatigue.
What is the purpose of a steam ring in an FCC?
For Shaw designs, a small steam ring is placed at the bottom of the riser in the wye section. This ring provides the necessary steam to achieve the desired “reverse seal” bed density at the base of the riser. There are also several different applications for air rings within the regeneration section of the FCC unit.
What are the applications of the steam ring distributor?
The steam ring distributor has several potential applications in the reactor/stripper section of the FCC unit. The main stripping steam ring, located in the stripper, is designed to displace entrained hydrocarbons from the spent catalyst. One or more of these rings may be necessary, based on the configuration and diameter of the stripper.
What is the purpose of an FCC air/Steam Distributor?
The primary purpose of an FCC air/steam distributor is to induce stable and uniform fluidisation across the entire cross-section of the catalyst bed. Maintaining a fluidised bed with a constant density is a central concept of the FCC unit, and it is critical to reliably maintain the unit’s pressure balance.
