Why does microangiopathy occur in diabetes?

Why does microangiopathy occur in diabetes?

There are many mechanisms by which diabetes may cause microangiopathy. These include excess sorbitol formation, increased glycation end products, oxidative damage, and protein kinase C overactivity.

What is a major vascular complication of diabetes mellitus?

The vascular complications of diabetes are the most serious manifestations of the disease. Atherosclerosis is the main reason for impaired life expectancy in patients with diabetes whereas diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the largest contributors to end-stage renal disease and blindness, respectively.

How does diabetes mellitus cause nephropathy?

Diabetic nephropathy causes Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Over time, poorly controlled diabetes can cause damage to blood vessel clusters in your kidneys that filter waste from your blood. This can lead to kidney damage and cause high blood pressure.

What happens diabetes microangiopathy?

Diabetic microangiopathy is the disease of the small blood vessels called the capillaries. In this condition, due to cell level damage the walls of small blood vessels become weak and cause degeneration. This leads to blood vessel leakage and formation of unstable new blood vessels.

What does microangiopathy lead to?

Microangiopathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. The small blood vessel changes affecting the retinal and renal vasculature are responsible for blindness and kidney failure.

What are vascular complications?

Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure, acquired blindness, a variety of neuropathies and accelerated atherosclerosis, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes.

What is the number one complication of diabetes?

Nerve damage (neuropathy): One of the most common diabetes complications, nerve damage can cause numbness and pain. Nerve damage most often affects the feet and legs but can also affect your digestion, blood vessels, and heart.

Why does diabetes cause proteinuria?

In diabetes, the main causes of proteinuria are high blood glucose levels over a period of years. High blood pressure can also lead to the development of kidney damage. Pre-eclampsia, a condition which can affect pregnant women, includes very high blood pressure and is another potential cause of protein in the urine.

What are the causes for proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy?

Proposed mechanisms of diabetic proteinuria include structural changes to the basement membrane, hemodynamic injury to podocytes, decreased number of podocytes, damaged slit diaphragm components, and reduced expression of nephrin.

What is microangiopathy and why does it occur?

Microangiopathy: A disease of the capillaries (very small blood vessels), in which the capillary walls become so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood. For example, diabetes predisposes to the development of microangiopathy in many areas, including the eye.

What is thrombotic microangiopathy?

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are clinical syndromes defined by the presence of hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells), low platelets, and organ damage due to the formation of microscopic blood clots in capillaries and small arteries.

What is vascular disease in diabetes?

Diabetic vascular disease refers to the hardening of the arteries throughout the body, caused by diabetes mellitus—a condition in which too much sugar, or glucose, builds in the blood because of a lack of insulin or because the body is unable to effectively use insulin.