Why is IgA the most abundant antibody?

Why is IgA the most abundant antibody?

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant type of antibody in the body, comprising most of the immunoglobulin in secretions and a significant amount of circulating immunoglobulin. In secretions, it serves to protect the mucosal tissues from microbial invasion and maintain immune homeostasis with the microbiota.

What does dimeric IgA bind to?

Dimeric IgA is transported to the intestinal lumen by binding to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) present on epithelial cells. In the lumen it is released as secretory IgA (SIgA) where it can coat (commensal) bacteria.

What is a high IgA level?

High IgA usually points to chronic infections or inflammation, though diverse disorders can raise its levels. In adults, values above 300 mg/dL are considered high by most labs. High levels do not cause any symptoms. Symptoms depend on the underlying cause and health status, which should be evaluated by a physician.

Why does each antibody bind only to a specific antigen?

There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen. The specificity of the binding is due to specific chemical constitution of each antibody. The variable region in turn has hyper-variable regions which are unique amino acid sequences in each antibody.

What is the difference between IgA1 and IgA2?

The major difference between IgA1 and IgA2 resides in the hinge region that lies between the two Fab arms and the Fc region. IgA1 features a very extended hinge due to the insertion of a duplicated stretch of amino acids, which is lacking in IgA2.

How is IgA secreted into gut lumen?

In mucosal tissues, IgA is mostly produced as dimer linked by the J chain and secreted into mucosal fluids by the polymeric Ig receptor. IgA in serum is mostly present in monomeric form. Small intestinal Peyer’s patches are considered main sites of IgA induction (including class switch recombination).

What does a high immunoglobulin G QN serum mean?

High levels of IgG may mean a long-term (chronic) infection, such as HIV, is present. Levels of IgG also get higher in IgG multiple myeloma, long-term hepatitis, and multiple sclerosis (MS).

What is constant domain switching in immunoglobulin?

The constant domains of the H chain can be switched to allow altered effector function while maintaining antigen specificity. Keywords: Antibody structure, Antibody function, Immunoglobulin structure, Immunoglobulin function, Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, Class switching, Somatic hypermutation

How to submit genotype and phenotype association data to dbGaP?

Guidelines and requirements for submitting genotype and phenotype association data to dbGaP. Submit expression data, such as microarray, SAGE or mass spectrometry datasets to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GeneRIF provides a simple mechanism to allow scientists to add to the functional annotation of genes in the Gene database.

How do I deposit gene expression data to Geo?

Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Web Deposit. Submit expression data, such as microarray, SAGE or mass spectrometry datasets to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GeneRIF provides a simple mechanism to allow scientists to add to the functional annotation of genes in the Gene database.

What is the genotype and phenotype archive?

An archive and distribution center for the description and results of studies which investigate the interaction of genotype and phenotype. These studies include genome-wide association (GWAS), medical resequencing, molecular diagnostic assays, as well as association between genotype and non-clinical traits.