What happens during brain herniation?
What happens during brain herniation?
Brain herniation occurs when something inside the skull produces pressure that moves brain tissues. This is most often the result of brain swelling or bleeding from a head injury, stroke, or brain tumor. Brain herniation can be a side effect of tumors in the brain, including: Metastatic brain tumor.
What is the herniation of the brain coverings?
A brain herniation, sometimes described as a cerebral herniation, occurs when brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shift from their normal position inside the skull. The condition is usually caused by swelling from a head injury, stroke, bleeding, or brain tumor.
What are the signs of uncal herniation?
A patient with impending uncal herniation will initially present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. These symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status. Physical exam in increased ICP will reveal Cushing’s triad of hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration or apnea.
How does LP cause herniation?
Herniation can occur from LP. However, it is extremely rare. When it does occur, it is due to “brain shift” or “raised CSF pressure” whether or not papilledema is present or if intracranial pressure is actually elevated (van Crevel H, et al.
When does Transtentorial herniation occur?
Upward transtentorial herniation can occur when an infratentorial mass (eg, tumor in the posterior fossa, cerebellar hemorrhage) compresses the brain stem, kinking it and causing patchy brain stem ischemia. The posterior 3rd ventricle becomes compressed.
What is temporal lobe herniation?
Transtentorial (uncal) herniation: The medial temporal lobe is squeezed by a unilateral mass across and under the tentlike tentorium that supports the temporal lobe. Subfalcine herniation: The cingulate gyrus is pushed under the falx cerebri by an expanding mass high in a cerebral hemisphere.
How does herniation cause death?
Because herniation puts extreme pressure on parts of the brain and thereby cuts off the blood supply to various parts of the brain, it is often fatal.
What is uncus herniation of the temporal lobe?
Overview. Uncal herniation is a typical type of transtentorial herniation in which uncus, which is the innermost part of the temporal lobe of brain, heads for the tentorium and eventually puts pressure on the midbrain (upper brainstem) and the oculomotor nerve. Several clinical complications may arise from this condition relating to…
What is uncus herniation?
Straight from the Doc. Overview. Uncal herniation is a typical type of transtentorial herniation in which uncus, which is the innermost part of the temporal lobe of brain, heads for the tentorium and eventually puts pressure on the midbrain (upper brainstem) and the oculomotor nerve.
What is a transtentorial hernia?
Uncal (transtentorial) herniation is herniation of the medial temporal lobe from the middle into the posterior fossa, across the tentorial opening. The uncus of the temporal lobe is forced into the gap between the midbrain and the edge of the tentorium.
What is the difference between Central and uncal herniation?
An uncal herniation refers to the herniation of the uncus downward through the tentorial notch. The displaced uncus typically puts pressure on the midbrain and the oculomotor nerve (CN III). A central herniation involves the displacement of the diencephalon and cortical structures through the tentorial notch.
