What is a mantle plume quizlet?

What is a mantle plume quizlet?

Mantle plume. A stationary area of high heat flow in the mantle, which rises from great depths and produces magma that feeds hot spot volcanoes.

How does a mantle plume work?

A mantle plume is a large column of hot rock rising through the mantle. The heat from the plume causes rocks in the lower lithosphere to melt. So, as the lithospheric plate above it moves, a string of volcanoes (or other volcanic features) is created.

How are mantle plume formed?

Mantle plumes can be emitted from the core-mantle boundary region to reach the Earth’s crust. The culprits behind these outbursts might be giant pillars of hot molten rock known as mantle plumes, jets of magma rising up from near the Earth’s core to penetrate overlying material like a blowtorch.

What is mantle plume and its role in plate tectonics?

Mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the earth’s mantle which carries heat upward in narrow, rising columns, driven by heat exchange across the core-mantle boundary. It is a secondary way through which earth loses heat.

What is a plume quizlet?

A buoyant mass of hot rock rising through Earth’s mantle. As it nears the surface of Earth, some of the plume melts and erupts at the surface forming a “hot spot.” Hot, upwelling mantle material; material is commonly hotter than the surrounding mantle material (and that is why it rises)

Where are mantle plumes?

A mantle plume is an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma. Heat from this extra hot magma causes melting and thinning of the rocky crust, which leads to widespread volcanic activity on Earth’s surface above the plume.

How does a mantle plume create an island and how is a chain of islands created by a mantle plume?

As the plume rises towards the base of the lithosphere, the reduction in pressure allows partial melting of the mantle material within the plume to form basaltic magma. The magma melts its way through the oceanic crust and erupts onto the ocean floor to build up an active volcanic island.

What is a plume in environmental science?

A plume is a column/space in air, water, or soil of one fluid moving through another that contains pollutants release from a source. A plume usually moves away from its source and widens. And a commingled plume is when two or more plumes of contaminated groundwater blend together.

Where is a mantle plume?

A mantle plume is posited to exist where super-heated material forms (nucleates) at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth’s mantle. Rather than a continuous stream, plumes should be viewed as a series of hot bubbles of material. Reaching the brittle upper Earth’s crust they form diapirs.

What is a plume geology?

“plume: a persistent pipelike body of hot material moving upward from the Earth’s mantle into the crust. Its surface expression may be a hot spot.” p. “ plume: (a) a localized body of volcanic rock rising into the crust from the mantle and thought to be the causal mechanism of a hot spot.”

What is mantle plume Pmfias?

A mantle plume is the convection of abnormally hot rock (magma) within the Earth’s mantle.

What are facts about the mantle?

The mantle is a layer between the crust and the outer core. Earth’s mantle is a silicate rocky shell with an average thickness of 2,886 kilometres (1,793 mi). The mantle makes up about 84% of Earth’s volume. It is predominantly solid but in geological time it behaves as a viscous fluid.

What are facts about the upper mantle?

The thickness of the upper mantle is between 200 and 250 miles. The entire mantle is about 1800 miles thick, which means the lower mantle makes up the bulk of this part of the Earth. Circular convection cycles in the hot, fluid upper mantle rock move the plates over the surface of the Earth.

What is the lower mantle of the Earth?

The Earth’s lower mantle is the largest part of the mantle at 1,400 miles thick, and is made of dense rock so hot it exists almost in liquid form. The lower mantle, or lower mesosphere, is one of the three main layers that make up the Earth, along with the upper mantle and the Earth’s core.

What is the description of the lower mantle?

lower mantle – the deeper part of the mantle layer – a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another mantle – the layer of the earth between the crust and the core