Does Staphylococcus produce enterotoxin?
Does Staphylococcus produce enterotoxin?
Although there are more than 20 distinct staphylococcal enterotoxins, only a few of them have been studied in depth. The most common staphylococcal enterotoxins are SEA and SEB. As shown in Table 1, SEA is the most common toxin in staphylococcus-related food poisoning.
Is staphylococcal enterotoxin fatal?
After inhalation, SEB can induce within 2 h several symptoms that include: head and muscle aches, tachycardia, coughing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and conjunctiva irritation. These forms of incapacitation occur at nanogram levels, while microgram quantities of SEB can be fatal.
Is enterotoxin the same as endotoxin?
The key difference between endotoxin and enterotoxin is that endotoxin is a poisonous substance produced within the bacterial cell while enterotoxin is a poisonous substance which is produced in or released into intestines by bacterial cells.
Is Staph aureus enterotoxin A superantigen?
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins function both as potent gastrointestinal toxins as well as superantigens that stimulate non-specific T-cell proliferation.
Which of the following are symptoms caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin?
Symptoms of SEB exposure are similar to that of the flu. They can include sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, sore throat and muscle pain.
How is Staphylococcus enterotoxin B toxic?
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is toxic by inhalation and ingestion. In a biological attack, it could be administered in food, water or as an aerosol. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is moderately stable in the environment, including foods.
How can enterotoxin B be inactivated?
In a biological attack, it could be administered in food, water or as an aerosol. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is moderately stable in the environment, including foods. It can be inactivated by heating to 100°C for a few minutes. Soap and water is also recommended for decontamination.
How is Staphylococcal food poisoning diagnosed?
Staphylococcal food poisoning is usually diagnosed by the clinical signs and epidemiology. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B may be found in the blood, urine, respiratory secretions or nasal swabs for a short period of time. The toxin is detected by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescence (ECL).
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
1 Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that produces a wide array of toxins, thus causing various types of disease symptoms.
