What are the differential diagnosis of whooping cough?
What are the differential diagnosis of whooping cough?
Pertussis must be differentiated from other causes of cough, dyspnea, and coryza, such as asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, croup, common cold, cystic fibrosis, foreign body aspiration, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and sinusitis.
What illness is caused by Bordetella pertussis?
Pertussis, a respiratory illness commonly known as whooping cough, is a very contagious disease caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.
How is Bordetella pertussis diagnosed?
Clinicians commonly use several types of laboratory tests to diagnose Bordetella pertussis. Scientists consider culture the gold standard because it is the only 100% specific method for identification. Other tests that can be performed include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology.
Where is Bordetella pertussis found?
Pertussis is also known as whooping cough. It is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the respiratory tract. It is caused by a bacterium (Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella Parapertussis ) that is found in the mouth, nose and throat of an infected person.
What are the symptoms of Bordetella pertussis?
After 1 to 2 weeks and as the disease progresses, the traditional symptoms of pertussis may appear and include:
- Paroxysms (fits) of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched “whoop” sound.
- Vomiting (throwing up) during or after coughing fits.
- Exhaustion (very tired) after coughing fits.
Is Bordetella pertussis normal flora?
B. pertussis is a slow-growing, nutritionally fastidious organism. Charcoal-horse blood (or similar) agar supplemented with cephalexin to inhibit normal flora can be used to isolate the organism from nasopharyngeal swabs Hoppe (1999).
What is the best specimen to detect Bordetella pertussis?
A posterior nasopharyngeal (NP) swab or aspirate should be obtained from all persons with a suspected case of pertussis (whooping cough). A posterior NP swab is the preferred sample type for adults and adolescents, whereas aspirates are preferable for testing in neonates, infants, and young children.
Which of the following clinical signs is diagnostic for pertussis?
Characterized by: Paroxysms of numerous, rapid coughs due to difficulty expelling thick mucus from the tracheobronchial tree. Long inspiratory effort accompanied by a high-pitched “whoop” at the end of the paroxysms. Cyanosis.
Is Bordetella pertussis Gram negative or positive?
Bordetella pertussis is a small (approximately 0.8 μm by 0.4 μm), rod-shaped, coccoid, or ovoid Gram-negative bacterium that is encapsulated and does not produce spores. It is a strict aerobe.
What tests are used to diagnose Bordetella pertussis?
Clinicians commonly use several types of laboratory tests to diagnose Bordetella pertussis. Scientists consider culture the gold standard because it is the only 100% specific method for identification. Other tests that can be performed include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology.
What is the most common Bordetella species that cause respiratory illnesses?
B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are the most common Bordetella species causing respiratory illnesses in humans.
What are the signs and symptoms of pertussis?
Clinical Features. Pertussis symptoms usually develop within 5 to 10 days after exposure, but sometimes not for as long as 3 weeks. Pertussis has an insidious onset with catarrhal symptoms that are indistinguishable from those of minor respiratory tract infections. The cough, which is initially intermittent, becomes paroxysmal.
What is the pathophysiology of Bordetella parapertussis?
There are two phases of the catarrhal phase which consists of sneezing and coughs and the paroxysmal phase which consists of coughing spasms, whooping, and vomiting. Bordetella parapertussis causes milder disease with a shorter duration. Transmission occurs via air droplets with a low infectious dose.
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