What are the steps to produce nitric acid?
What are the steps to produce nitric acid?
Nearly all the nitric acid produced in the U. S. is manufactured by the high-temperature catalytic oxidation of ammonia as shown schematically in Figure 8.8-1. This process typically consists of 3 steps: (1) ammonia oxidation, (2) nitric oxide oxidation, and (3) absorption.
How is nitric acid is manufactured by Ostwald’s process?
The Ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. In step 1, ammonia is oxidized to form nitric oxide and also nitrogen dioxide. Then in step 2, the nitrogen dioxide that was formed is absorbed in water. This in-turn forms nitric acid.
What are the steps in Ostwald process?
In 1914, a German chemist Ostwald developed the Ostwald process to manufacture nitric acid.
- Step 1: Catalytic oxidation of Ammonia. A mixture of dry air and dry ammonia in the ratio of 10:1 by volume is compressed and then.
- Step 2: Oxidation of nitric oxide.
- Step 3: Absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water.
How is nitric oxide manufactured?
Nitric oxide is formed from nitrogen and oxygen by the action of electric sparks or high temperatures or, more conveniently, by the action of dilute nitric acid upon copper or mercury. In the chemical industry, nitric oxide is an intermediate compound formed during the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid.
How much nitric acid is produced annually?
Abstract. Nitric acid is a key chemical for many industries. Some 60 million tons are produced annually, of which 80% goes into nitrate production for fertilizers and explosives, the latter principally for mining.
What is the commercial process used to prepare nitric acid?
Ostwald process is the commercial process to used to prepare nitric acid in industrial scale.
What is meant by contact process?
contact process, modern industrial method of producing sulfuric acid; it has largely replaced the chamber, or lead-chamber, process. Sulfur dioxide and oxygen, passed over a hot catalyst, unite to form sulfur trioxide, which in turn combines with water to make sulfuric acid.
Which catalyst is used in manufacture of nitric acid?
Nitric acid manufacture and uses Platinum-based catalysts have now been used in the commercial manufacture of nitric acid for a century. Nitric acid is made in three stages. The first step is the oxidation of ammonia gas with air to form nitric oxide.
How is nitric acid manufactured by Ostwald process how does it react with copper?
Copper. Ostwald’s process : Ammonia, mixed with air in 1 : 7 or 1 : 8, when passed over a hot platinum gauze catalyst, is oxidised to NO mostly (about 95%). 4NH3+5O2Pt. The product is then passed in to warm water, under pressure in the presence of excess of air, to give HNO3.
How can you synthesize nitric oxide in the laboratory?
In the laboratory, nitric oxide is conveniently generated by reduction of dilute nitric acid with copper: 8 HNO3 + 3 Cu → 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 4 H2O + 2 NO.
What are the main materials for making nitric acid?
Ammonia, oxygen, water are the raw materials of nitric acid manufacturing. Ammonia can be obtained by haber process. Ammonia gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide by oxygen. Nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water.
What is nitric acid made up of?
Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. It has a role as a protic solvent and a reagent. It is a conjugate acid of a nitrate.
What are the raw materials of nitric acid manufacturing process?
Raw materials of nitric Acid manufacturing process industrially. Ammonia – NH 3; Oxygen – O 2; Nitric acid manufacturing process – ostwald method. step 1. Prepare nitric oxide – NO. NH 3 and O 2 are mixed to 1:9 volume ratio. The mixture is heated upto 850 – 1000 0 C temperature. That mixture send through Pt/Rh catalyst.
How to prepare nitric acid in industrial scale?
Ostwald process is the commercial process to used to prepare nitric acid in industrial scale. Potassium nitrate reacts with concentrated nitric acid on heating to give nitric acid. Nitric acid is separated by distillaation.
How do you make nitric acid from ammonia?
Nearly all the nitric acid produced in the U. S. is manufactured by the high-temperature catalytic oxidation of ammonia as shown schematically in Figure 8.8-1. This process typically consists of 3 steps: (1) ammonia oxidation, (2) nitric oxide oxidation, and (3) absorption.
What is nitric acid manufacturing process in Ostwald process?
Nitric acid manufacturing process in ostwald process is started from ammonia and oxygen gas in industrially. Potassium nitrate and sulfuric gas can be used to produce nitric acid in laboratory scale. Nitric acid is used to manufacture explosives, metal nitrates, fertilizers and many more.
