What is arginase 1?
What is arginase 1?
Arginase 1 is a key effector and marker of M2a macrophages and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that are major mediators of T cells suppression. This marker is particularly important for researchers studying myeloid cells, inflammation, and tumor microenvironment. It is present in both humans and in mice.
Can flow cytometry detect arginase 1 in human blood?
This clone is the only one available that can be used to detect by flow cytometry human or mouse Arginase 1. Figure 1. Expression of Arginase 1 in human blood neutrophils.
Does arginase 1 clone a1exf5 stain mouse bone marrow derived M2a macrophages?
Expression of Arginase 1 in mouse bone marrow derived M2a macrophages. Intracellular staining of mouse bone marrow derived macrophages polarized to M1 or M2a. As expected based on known relative expression patterns, Arginase 1 clone A1exF5 stains most M2a macrophages (right panel) and does not stain M1 macrophages (left panel).
Does CCR3+ granulocytes Express arginase 1?
In human, expression in blood neutrophils but not in CCR3+ (CD193) granulocytes has been reported. 1,2,3 In mice, expression of Arginase 1 is one of the hallmarks of alternatively activated macrophages (M2a). Arginase 1 may be expressed in the myeloid cells infiltrating tumors, and is typically found in the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas.
Arginase is a manganese metalloenzyme that hydrolyses l -arginine to urea and l -ornithine. Arginase exists in two distinct isoforms, arginase I and II, that share ∼60% sequence homology. 4 Although both isoforms are found throughout the body, arginase I is a cytosolic enzyme mainly localized in the liver.
Is arginase a cytosolic or mitochondrial enzyme?
Arginase type I is a cytosolic enzyme (Ikemoto et al., 1990) that is expressed primarily in the liver where it has a key role in urea synthesis. Arginase type II is a mitochondrial enzyme that is expressed in most tissues including the kidney (Morris et al., 1997; Shi et al., 1998).
What is the role of arginase in the urea cycle?
This enzyme plays a key role in the urea cycle, a sequence of reactions that process the excess nitrogen released when the body uses protein. Arginase controls the final step of the urea cycle, which removes nitrogen from arginine and makes a compound called urea. Urea is released by the kidneys in urine.
Where are isozymes of arginase found in mammals?
In most mammals, two isozymes of this enzyme exist; the first, Arginase I, functions in the urea cycle, and is located primarily in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes (liver cells).
