What is CD38 a marker for?

What is CD38 a marker for?

CD38 is a multi-functional transmembrane protein that is a lymphocyte receptor and a clinical marker for survival of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [1-5].

What is CD38 expression?

CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of leukemic cells in a significant percentage of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). A recent study suggested that CD38 expression has prognostic value in CLL.

What is CD38 in cancer?

CD38 at present is a multifunctional protein contributing to cancer progression. CD38 & immune cells summarized the interaction between CD38 and immune cells, including T cells, Treg cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and others such as NK cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Do macrophages express CD38?

CD38 was historically identified as a surface activation marker in T cells and later found to be expressed in additional immune and non-immune cell types, including macrophages (3).

Where is CD38?

CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling. In humans, the CD38 protein is encoded by the CD38 gene which is located on chromosome 4. CD38 is a paralog of CD157, which is also located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans.

Do T cells express CD38?

Human CD38 is highly expressed on early T cell precursors and on CD4+veCD8+ve double-positive thymocytes [8]. In contrast, mature T cells have low levels of CD38, but upon mitogenic activation, they up-regulate their expression [2, 9, 10].

Is CD38 good or bad?

CD38 is one such enzyme. While the role of CD38 in hematological malignancies has been extensively studied, the impact of CD38 expression within solid tumors is largely unknown, though most current data indicate an immunosuppressive role for CD38.

How do you stop CD38?

Flavonoids. Several naturally occurring compounds are reported to inhibit the catalytic activity of CD38 including flavonoid compounds apigenin, quercetin, and leteolinidin (8, 102, 107) (Table 1).

Why does CD38 increase with age?

Since CD38 is highly expressed in inflammatory cells, it is possible that the low grade inflammation occurring during aging may lead to an increase in the expression of CD38 in inflammatory cells, and accumulation of CD38-positive inflammatory cells in the tissue.

What increases CD38?

Is CD38 an activation marker?

CD38 is a multifunctional protein widely expressed in cells from the immune system and as a soluble form in biological fluids. CD38 expression is up-regulated by an array of inflammatory mediators, and it is frequently used as a cell activation marker.

What is anti CD38?

A substance that binds to a protein called CD38, which is found on some types of blood cells and in high levels on some cancer cells, including myeloma cells. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody may block the CD38 protein and help the immune system kill cancer cells.

What are the essential features of CD38?

Essential features 1 Marker of activation and present on many hematopoietic cells, especially plasma cells 2 Used clinically as a prognostic marker in CLL as evaluated by flow cytometry 3 CD38 expression in lymphoid neoplasms is not specific for any discrete disease entity 4 Can be aberrantly expressed in carcinoma and melanoma

Is CD38 a marker for hematopoietic stem cells?

Absence of CD38 (in conjunction with CD34 positivity) is used as a marker for bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells

What is CD38 coexpression in multiple myeloma?

Aberrant CD56 expression is identified in most patients with myeloma. Bright CD38 expression with coexpression of CD56 is used to detect abnormal populations of plasma cells by flow cytometry. Abnormal plasma cells are also CD19 −, in contrast to normal plasma cells, which are CD19 +.

Is CD38 an independent prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Retrospective studies have shown that CD38 is an independent prognostic marker in CLL, demonstrating that high CD38 expression is associated with both a shorter time from diagnosis to treatment and inferior survival. CD38 functional studies using CD31 and plexin B1 transfected fibroblasts have provided a biologic explanation for this observation.